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GCSE Physics Paper 2H (AQA) > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse and longitudinal.

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2
Q

What do waves do?

A

Transfer energy from one place to another.

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3
Q

What do the particles that make up a wave do?

A

Oscillate (vibrate) around a fixed point, to pass energy onto the next particles.

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4
Q

What are the oscillations like in a transverse wave?

A

Perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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5
Q

What are the oscillations like in a longitudinal wave?

A

Parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves passing a fixed point per second (Hz).

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7
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave?

A

The maximum displacement that any particle achieves from its undisturbed position (m).

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8
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance from one point on a wave to the equivalent point on the next wave (m).

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9
Q

What is the period of a wave?

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation (s).

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10
Q

With water waves, what are some useful observations?

A

Amplitude is seen as the wave height.

The period is the time taken for one complete wave to pass a fixed point.

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11
Q

What can amplitude show?

A

It indicates the amount of energy a wave is carrying.

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12
Q

What is the speed of a wave?

A

The speed at which energy is transferred/the wave moves.

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13
Q

What type of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse.

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14
Q

What does the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave affect?

A

How it is absorbed, transmitted, reflected, or refracted.

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15
Q

What are all the types of electromagnetic waves in order from low frequency?

A 
Radio waves.
Microwaves.
Infrared rays.
Visible light.
Ultraviolet rays.
X-rays.
Gamma rays.
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16
Q

How might a wave be refracted?

A

When is passes from one medium into another.

17
Q

What does the direction of refraction depend on?

A

The angle at which the wave hits the boundary.

The materials involved.

18
Q

What is the refractive index of a material?

A

The way in which the material affects refraction.

19
Q

How do light rays react when they pass from a material with a low refractive index into a material with a high refractive index?

A

It bends towards the normal.

20
Q

How do light rays react when they pass from a material with.a high refractive index into a material with a low refractive index?

A

It bends away from the normal.

21
Q

What is refraction the result of?

A

The difference in wave speed in the different media.

22
Q

What are ray diagrams used to show?

A

What happens when waves are refracted.

23
Q

What can radio waves be used for?

A

Television, radio, bluetooth.

24
Q

What can microwaves be used for?

A

Satellite communications, cooking food.

25
Q

What can infrared waves be used for?

A

Electrical heatings, cooking food, infrared cameras.

26
Q

What can visible light be used for?

A

Fibre optic communications.

27
Q

What can ultraviolet waves be used for?

A

Energy efficient light bulbs, security marking, sunbeds.

28
Q

What can X-rays be used for?

A

Medical imaging and treatments.

29
Q

What can gamma rays be used for?

A

Sterilising food, treatment of tumours.

30
Q

What can radio waves be caused by?

A

Oscillations in electrical circuits (like an alternating current).

31
Q

What happens when radio waves are absorbed by a conductor?

A

They may create an alternating current with the same frequency of the radio wave.

32
Q

What changes in atoms, and the nuclei of atoms, can generate waves?

A

Electrons moving between energy levels as a result of heat and electrical excitation.
Changes in the nucleus (such as an unstable one emitting gamma rays).

33
Q

What risks do ultraviolet waves hold?

A

Causes skin to age prematurely.

Increases the risk of cancer.

34
Q

What risks does ionising radiation cause?

A

Such as X-rays and gamma rays, they can damage cells by ionising atoms and cause gene mutations and cancer/

GCSE Physics Paper 2H (AQA) (4 decks)

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