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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is amplitude? (waves)

A

Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its rest position

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2
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Wavelength is the length of a full cycle of a wave

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3
Q

What is frequency? (waves)

A

Frequency is the number of waves passing a certain point each second

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4
Q

What is period? (waves)

A

Period (waves) is the amount of time it takes for a complete wave to pass a point

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5
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Transverse waves are oscillations perpendicular to energy transfer

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6
Q

What are the three types of transverse waves?

A

Three types of transverse waves are water ripples, electromagnetic waves, waves on a string

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7
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Longitudinal waves are oscillations parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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8
Q

What are two types of longitudinal waves?

A

Two types of longitudinal waves include sound waves and P-waves

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9
Q

What are diffuse reflections?

A

Diffuse reflections are when rays on a matte surface scatter in different directions

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10
Q

What are specular reflections?

A

Specular reflections are when rays reflect in one direction on clear surfaces ie mirrors

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11
Q

What is a refraction?

A

Refractions are when a wave changes direction

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12
Q

What happens when a wave refracts and slows down?

A

When a wave refracts and slows down, the wavelength decreases and bends towards normal

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13
Q

What happens when a wave refracts and speeds up?

A

When a wave refracts and speeds up, the wavelength increases and bends away from normal

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14
Q

What is the order of the Electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, starting from least frequency?

A

EM spextrum in order of increasing frequency and decreasing wavelength :
radio waves > microwaves > infared > visibile light > UV > x rays > gamma rays

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15
Q

How are radio waves produced?

A

Radio waves are produced when electrons oscillate in transmitters which produce radio waves, and then the emitted radio waves transfer energy to the receiver where the radio waves are absorbed causing electrons in the receiver to oscillate

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16
Q

What are the uses of radio waves?

A

Radio waves = tv, radio

17
Q

What are the uses of microwave radiation?

A

The uses of microwaves are satellite communications and cooking

18
Q

What are the uses of infrared?

A

The uses of infared are electric heating, cooking and infared cameras

19
Q

What are the uses of visible light?

A

The uses of visible light are communications through optical fibres

20
Q

What are the uses of UV waves?

A

The uses of UV waves are energy efficient lights and suntan beds

21
Q

What are the dangers of UV rays?

A

UV rays can prematurely age skin and increase risk of skin cancer

22
Q

What are the dangers of X-rays and Gamma rays?

A

X-rays and Gamma ways can cause gene mutation and cancer

23
Q

What is opaque?

A

Opaque means it doesn’t transmit light

24
Q

What is transparent and translucent?

A

Transparent and translucent means it transmits light

25
Q

What happens to the light rays in a convex lens?

A

In a convex lens, the light rays bend towards the normal when it passes into the lens, then away from the normal when it passes out of the lens

26
Q

What is focal length?

A

Focal length is the distance from the centre of the lens to principal focus

27
Q

What observations can be made when an object is 2 focal lengths away from the lens? (convex lens)

A

When an object is 2 focal lengths away from a convex lens this means :
The image is smaller
The image is real
The image is upside down

28
Q

What observations can be made when an object is between the first and second focal lengths from the lens? (convex lens)

A

When an object is between the first and second focal length from a convex lens, this means:
The image is larger
The image is upside down
The image is real

29
Q

What observations can be made when an object is less than one focal length away from the lens (very close to the lens) / magnifying glass?

A

An object that is very close to the lens will have the following observations :

  • The image is magnified
  • The image is the same way up as the object
  • The image is virtual (not real) (rays do not meet at a point)
30
Q

What happens to the light rays in a concave lens?

A

In a concave lens, the light rays spread out

31
Q

What observations can be made when an object faces a concave lens?

A

In a concave lens, the image will be:

  • The image is smaller
  • The image is the right way up
  • The image is virtual (not real)
32
Q

What type of surface are good for absorption + emission of infrared radiation?

A

Matte black surfaces are good for the absorption and emission of infrared radiation

33
Q

What do wavelength and infrared intensity depend on?

A

Wavelength and infrared intensity depends on the temperature of the objects

34
Q

Do hot objects emit short or long wavelength radiation?

A

Hot objects emit shorter-wavelength radiation than cooler objects

35
Q

What does ‘Perfect Black Body’ mean?

A

‘Perfect black body’ absorbs all of the radiation incidents on it - meaning they are good radiation emitters

36
Q

What would it mean if an object is warmer than its surroundings?

A

If an object is warmer than its surroundings, it will emit more radiation than it absorbs and temperature will decrease

37
Q

What would it mean if an object is cooler than its surroundings?

A

If an object is cooler than its surroundings, it will emit less radiation than it absorbs

38
Q

What would it mean if an object has a constant temperature with its surroundings?

A

If an object has a constant temperature with its surroundings, there will be a balance between absorption and emission of radiation

39
Q

How does cloud cover affect earth radiation of infrared?

A

Cloudy nights are warmer than clear nights due to the clouds reflecting infrared back onto the earth

Physics (9 decks)

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