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Earth Science > Watersheds and Rivers > Flashcards

Watersheds and Rivers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a watershed?

A

A geographical area of land that drains water into a body of water.

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2
Q

What is the biggest watershed in Michigan?

A

Saginaw

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3
Q

What is the biggest watershed in the U.S.?

A

Mississippi

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4
Q

What is a tributary?

A

A river, stream, or creak flowing into a larger river, stream, or creek.

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5
Q

What determines where water flows?

A
  • Topography
  • Gravity
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6
Q

What is topography?

A

The shape of the land.

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7
Q

What is a divide?

A

Border or boundary that separates different watersheds.

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8
Q

What is the net volume of water called?

A

Water budgets.

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9
Q

What does ‘net’ mean?

A

How much money you walk away with.

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10
Q

What are some inputs of water budgets?

A
  • Precipitation
  • Runoff
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11
Q

What are some outputs of water budgets?

A
  • Evapotranspirtation
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12
Q

What are some factors that affect water budgets?

A
  • Seasons
  • Temperature/ climate
  • Location
  • Soil conditions
  • Vegetation
  • Snowmelts
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13
Q

What is topography?

A

The changes in land elevation

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14
Q

What are rivers driven by?

A

Gravity

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15
Q

What is the beginning of a river called?

A

Source

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16
Q

What is the end of the river called?

A

Mouth

17
Q

What are some factors that impact the shape of rivers?

A
  • Gradient
  • Velocity/energy
18
Q

What is gradient?

A

The steepness of a slope
Changes in height and distance (rise over run)

19
Q

What do velocity and energy do to impact the shape of rivers?

A
  • Higher energy=ability to carry sediments.
20
Q

What is a floodplain?

A

The area within a valley that is naturally flooded on
- Natural levels
-Heavier river banks
- First sediments to be deposited

21
Q

What is alluvium?

A

Very fine and fertile sediments deposited further from the river.

22
Q

What is a hydrograph?

A

A graph that shows how a river channel behaves after a long rain event.

23
Q

What is stage height?

A

How high a river is flowing daily.

24
Q

What is Lag time?

A

The time between peak rainfall and peak stage height.

25
Q

What are factors that impact hydrographs?

A

Runoff
-Interception (things that slow runoff)
Infiltration rates
- Soil types
Gradient of land
- Steep and shallow

26
Q

Describe an Urban hydrograph

A
  • Shorter lag time
  • Higher max stage height
  • Steeper gradients
27
Q

Describe a Rural hydrograph

A
  • Longer lag time
  • Lower max stage height
  • Shallow gradients

Earth Science (8 decks)

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