water treatment

Question 1

water treatment falls into several different categories. these categories include

Answer 1

basic filtration

ion exchange

oxidation

neutralization

chlorination

reverse osmosis

distillation

ultraviolet sterilization

Question 2

what type of filter is commonly used for point of use applications for removal of sediment

Answer 2

cartridge filters

Question 3

what type of filter is commonly used for point of entry applications for the removal of sediment

Answer 3

tank type sand filters

Question 4

resins used within ion exchange units can be designed to provide _______ (positive charged ions) exchange and _______ (negatively charged ion) exchange

Answer 4

cation and anion

Question 5

what material is commonly used in an adsorption type filter to attract and hold tastes and odours

Answer 5

activated carbon

Question 6

zeolite resins in a water softener are designed to attract hardness ions such as _____ and _____ ions. the resulting exchange process releases relatively harmless sodium ions

Answer 6

calcium and magnesium

Question 7

an alternative to sodium salt for a brine solution is the use of _____ salt solution

Answer 7

potassium

Question 8

oxidation is a very effective method of removing _________ iron, _______ and ________ from solution.

Answer 8

ferrous, manganese, hydrogen sulphide

Question 9

the oxidizing agent used in a manganese greensand filter is ______ ______ and the chemical symbol for this material is ________

Answer 9

potassium permanganate

KMn04

Question 10

what is used in conjunction with a chemical free iron filter to add air to the water supply?

Answer 10

a hydrocharger

Question 11

to increase the pH level of the raw water supply with a pH between 6.0 and 6.9, the proper filter to use is an _______-_______. This type of filter requires the addition of ________ _______ to replenish the filter bed

Answer 11

neutralizing filter, calcium carbonate

Question 12

in extreme cases, when water has a pH of between 4.0 and 6.9, , ______ ______ is fed using a metering pump

Answer 12

soda ash

Question 13

residential reverse osmosis units are designed for _____ ______ _____ applications

Answer 13

point of use

Question 14

reverse osmosis works by a process know as _____

Answer 14

membrane separation

Question 15

in crossflow filtration, two exit streams are generated. these two streams are

a)_____
b)_______

Answer 15

concentrated stream

permeate stream

Question 16

identify the listed upper limits of treatment for:

a) hardness using a water softener

b) ferrous iron using a water softener

c)ferrous iron using a chemical free iron filter

d) ferric iron using an iron and sulpher filter

e)manganese using a chemical free iron filter

f) hydrogen sulphide using an iron and sulpher filter

Answer 16

a 100 gpg
b 1.5 ppm
c 30 ppm
d 10 ppm
e 1.0 ppm
f 0.3 ppm

Question 17

which chemical used for neutralizing aciddic water can cause over correction problems in under flow conditions

Answer 17

manganese oxide

Question 18

which type of salt should be used for creating brine to be used in a water softener

Answer 18

rock salt suitable for use with water softeners

Question 19

what style of dispensing faucet should be used with a reverse osmosis unit that has the drain line directly connected to the plumbing drainage system?

Answer 19

the dispensing faucet should have a built in air gap

Question 20

the movement of water through a tank type filter media from top to bottom and returning up through the distributor tube indicates that the filter i using the ______ ______ principle for filtration.

Answer 20

down flow

Question 21

when a tank type filter is being backwashed the flow in the tank is _______ compared to the flow when the control is in the service position

Answer 21

reversed

Question 22

what are the six distinct valve and control positions used in the regeneration process of a standard water softener

Answer 22

service

backwash

brine

slow rinse

rapid rinse

brine tank refill

Question 23

what is the recommended backwash frequency for water treatment filters?

Answer 23

two to six days

Question 24

one cubic foot of zeolite resin will hold how many grains of hardness under ideal conditions?

Answer 24

30000 grains

Question 25

manganese greensand filters require a backwash cycle in the range of ___ to ___ days to prevent clogging of the filter bed

Answer 25

2 to 6

Question 26

maintenance requirements for a water treatment device are easily found in what document

Answer 26

owners manual

Question 27

what accessory should be installed to permit easy repair or removal of a water treatment filter

Answer 27

bypass valve

Question 28

a water softener is delivering water that is untreated. upon inspection you find that the salt in the brine tank is bridged. what corrective action should be suggested?

Answer 28

break of the salt bridging and instruct the owner to put less salt into the brine tank

Question 29

product water from a reverse osmosis is measured at 18.7 ml in 60 seconds. how much water will be produced by this unit in a day?

Answer 29

18.7 x 0.38 = 7.1 gallons per day

Question 30

water quality features can be placed into three categories

Answer 30

physical

bilogical

chemical

Question 31

the five most commonly considered physical characteristics of water are

Answer 31

temp

taste

colour

odour

turbidity

Question 32

what does the presence of fecal coliform indicate in water

Answer 32

that sewage is present

Question 33

scale in water heaters and piping is caused by which impurity

Answer 33

hardness

Question 34

which impurity can be a source of disease and make water unfit for human consumption

Answer 34

bacteria

Question 35

which impurity will discolour water, stain plumbing fixtures and cause deposits in water heaters?

Answer 35

iron

Question 36

which health canada publication provides information on what determines food quality water for human consumption

Answer 36

guidelines for canadian drinking water quality