water treatment Flashcards
water treatment falls into several different categories. these categories include
basic filtration
ion exchange
oxidation
neutralization
chlorination
reverse osmosis
distillation
ultraviolet sterilization
what type of filter is commonly used for point of use applications for removal of sediment
cartridge filters
what type of filter is commonly used for point of entry applications for the removal of sediment
tank type sand filters
resins used within ion exchange units can be designed to provide _______ (positive charged ions) exchange and _______ (negatively charged ion) exchange
cation and anion
what material is commonly used in an adsorption type filter to attract and hold tastes and odours
activated carbon
zeolite resins in a water softener are designed to attract hardness ions such as _____ and _____ ions. the resulting exchange process releases relatively harmless sodium ions
calcium and magnesium
an alternative to sodium salt for a brine solution is the use of _____ salt solution
potassium
oxidation is a very effective method of removing _________ iron, _______ and ________ from solution.
ferrous, manganese, hydrogen sulphide
the oxidizing agent used in a manganese greensand filter is ______ ______ and the chemical symbol for this material is ________
potassium permanganate
KMn04
what is used in conjunction with a chemical free iron filter to add air to the water supply?
a hydrocharger
to increase the pH level of the raw water supply with a pH between 6.0 and 6.9, the proper filter to use is an _______-_______. This type of filter requires the addition of ________ _______ to replenish the filter bed
neutralizing filter, calcium carbonate
in extreme cases, when water has a pH of between 4.0 and 6.9, , ______ ______ is fed using a metering pump
soda ash
residential reverse osmosis units are designed for _____ ______ _____ applications
point of use
reverse osmosis works by a process know as _____
membrane separation
in crossflow filtration, two exit streams are generated. these two streams are
a)_____
b)_______
concentrated stream
permeate stream
identify the listed upper limits of treatment for:
a) hardness using a water softener
b) ferrous iron using a water softener
c)ferrous iron using a chemical free iron filter
d) ferric iron using an iron and sulpher filter
e)manganese using a chemical free iron filter
f) hydrogen sulphide using an iron and sulpher filter
a 100 gpg
b 1.5 ppm
c 30 ppm
d 10 ppm
e 1.0 ppm
f 0.3 ppm
which chemical used for neutralizing aciddic water can cause over correction problems in under flow conditions
manganese oxide
which type of salt should be used for creating brine to be used in a water softener
rock salt suitable for use with water softeners
what style of dispensing faucet should be used with a reverse osmosis unit that has the drain line directly connected to the plumbing drainage system?
the dispensing faucet should have a built in air gap
the movement of water through a tank type filter media from top to bottom and returning up through the distributor tube indicates that the filter i using the ______ ______ principle for filtration.
down flow
when a tank type filter is being backwashed the flow in the tank is _______ compared to the flow when the control is in the service position
reversed
what are the six distinct valve and control positions used in the regeneration process of a standard water softener
service
backwash
brine
slow rinse
rapid rinse
brine tank refill
what is the recommended backwash frequency for water treatment filters?
two to six days
one cubic foot of zeolite resin will hold how many grains of hardness under ideal conditions?
30000 grains
