Water To Proteins

Question 1

One use of phosphate ions

Answer 1

DNA,RNA,ATP phospholipids

Question 2

Properties that allow plants to do transpiration

Answer 2

Adhesion and cohesion

Question 3

Structure of water that gives it unique properties

Answer 3

Dipolar
And forms hydrogen bonds with other molecules

Question 4

What property of water means enzymes are kept at their optimum

Answer 4

High specific heat capacity

Question 5

Give one use of iron ions

Answer 5

haemoglobin

Question 6

State the general structural formula of monosaccharides.

Answer 6

(CH2O)n

Question 7

What monosaccharides are found in lactose?

Answer 7

Galactose and glucose.

Question 8

– Describe how maltose is digested

Answer 8

Hydrolysed, breaks 1-4glycosidic bond, into glucose, by maltase, water needed/added

Question 9

Explain why the structure of cellulose makes it good at its job

Answer 9

each beta glucose inverted 180 degrees makes it straight- so can be in layers.
H bonds between layers forms fibrils and microfibrils These give it strength.

Question 10

Describe similarities between the structure of amylopectin and glycogen

Answer 10

alpha glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, both branched

Question 11

Describe the main difference in structure between amylopectin and glycogen

Answer 11

glycogen has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds = more branched

Question 12

Describe how a triglyceride would be made from its components?

Answer 12

Describe how a triglyceride would be made from its components?

Question 13

– Describe the differences between a triglyceride and a phospholipid

Answer 13

phospholipid one of fatty acids has been replace with a phosphate ion, phospholipid has a hydrophilic (Charged/polar head) and hydrophobic tails

Question 14

Describe the primary structure of a protei

Answer 14

sequence of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds

Question 15

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 15

3d structure further folding, – disulphide, ionic bonds,
hydrophobic interactions

Question 16

What bonds form to turn a primary protein into a secondary protein?

Answer 16

Hydrogen

Question 17

Give an example of a quaternary protein

Answer 17

Haemoglobin

Question 18

what is a prosthetic group

Answer 18

non protein group found on a protein

Question 19

Proteins can be classified as globular or ________?

Answer 19

Structural

Question 20

How would you test for the presence of a protein In food. ?

Answer 20

Add bieuret solution, changed from blue to lilac.

Question 21

How can water help organisms keep cool

Answer 21

– high latent heat of vapourisation, large amounts body heat used to make sweat evaporate

Question 22

give one reason surface tension of water is useful for living organisms

Answer 22

can live on aquatic habitats

Question 23

name the components of sucrose

Answer 23

Fructose and glucose

Question 24

Describe the structure of glycogen

Answer 24

alpha glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, branched due to 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 25

Explain how the structure of starch gives it certain properties and uses

Answer 25

Structure - coiled (amylose )
Large molecule

Property
Dense
Insoluble

Use
Storage
Doesn’t affect osmosis

Question 26

27 Describe structural differences between cellulose and glycogen

Answer 26

Cellulose
Beta glucose monomer
Straight chains
Only 1-4 glycosidic bond
Has fibrils/ microfibrils and h bonds between chains
Each monomer flipped 180 degrees

Glycogen
Alpha glucose monomer
Branched
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
No microfibrils or fibrils
All monomers have the same orientation

Question 27

Draw and label a triglyceride

Answer 27

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 28

Describe the differences between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.

Answer 28

Saturated
More Hs
No CC double bonds

Unsaturated
Less Hs
Has CC double bonds

Question 29

Draw and label the general structure for an amino acids.

Answer 29

Drawing

Question 30

Describe a quaternary protei

Answer 30

more than one polypeptide chain

Question 31

Give one use of sodium ions in the body

Answer 31

nerve impulse transmissions – absorptions of glucose/amino acids in kidney/small Intestine

Question 32

Draw a beta glucose molecule

Answer 32

Drawing

Question 33

Explain the properties of glycogen

Answer 33

low density – branched – 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 34

low density – branched – 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Answer 34

globular

Question 35

35 – Why are phospholipids soluble in both water and oil – phosphate head has a charge/polar/hydrophilic

Answer 35

fatty acids tails are hydrophobic/non polar/ no charge 1 mark for saying either phosphate dissolves in water or tails dissolve in oil.

Question 36

Why do lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrates

Answer 36

they have a higher ratio of H:O

Question 37

How would you test for the presence of a non reducing sugar

Answer 37

Add hcl and heat in water bath , neutralise with alkali, add benedicts solution heat in water bath at 80C, blue-brick red

Question 38

Name the 2 forms of secondary protein structure

Answer 38

Alpha helix and beta pleated.

Question 39

What is a quaternary protein

Answer 39

multiple polypeptide chains bonded together

Question 40

What is formed when 2 amino acids bond, and what is the bond called?

Answer 40

Dipeptide, peptide bond

Question 41

Why are lipids/triglcerides not considered to by polymers

Answer 41

– they aren’t made of repeating units, they are made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids. They are not the same unit.

Question 42

Describe what a quaternary protein i

Answer 42

more than one polypeptide chain bonded together.

Question 43

How can a colourimeter be used to determine the relative mass of sugar in 2 solutions

Answer 43

the one that absorbs more light/transmits less light has more sugar in it

Question 44

Alpha a beta glucose have the the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Answer 44

Isomerism.