Water To Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

One use of phosphate ions

A

DNA,RNA,ATP phospholipids

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2
Q

Properties that allow plants to do transpiration

A

Adhesion and cohesion

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3
Q

Structure of water that gives it unique properties

A

Dipolar
And forms hydrogen bonds with other molecules

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4
Q

What property of water means enzymes are kept at their optimum

A

High specific heat capacity

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5
Q

Give one use of iron ions

A

haemoglobin

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6
Q

State the general structural formula of monosaccharides.

A

(CH2O)n

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7
Q

What monosaccharides are found in lactose?

A

Galactose and glucose.

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8
Q

– Describe how maltose is digested

A

Hydrolysed, breaks 1-4glycosidic bond, into glucose, by maltase, water needed/added

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9
Q

Explain why the structure of cellulose makes it good at its job

A

each beta glucose inverted 180 degrees makes it straight- so can be in layers.
H bonds between layers forms fibrils and microfibrils These give it strength.

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10
Q

Describe similarities between the structure of amylopectin and glycogen

A

alpha glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, both branched

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11
Q

Describe the main difference in structure between amylopectin and glycogen

A

glycogen has more 1-6 glycosidic bonds = more branched

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12
Q

Describe how a triglyceride would be made from its components?

A

Describe how a triglyceride would be made from its components?

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13
Q

– Describe the differences between a triglyceride and a phospholipid

A

phospholipid one of fatty acids has been replace with a phosphate ion, phospholipid has a hydrophilic (Charged/polar head) and hydrophobic tails

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14
Q

Describe the primary structure of a protei

A

sequence of amino acids bonded by peptide bonds

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15
Q

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A

3d structure further folding, – disulphide, ionic bonds,
hydrophobic interactions

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16
Q

What bonds form to turn a primary protein into a secondary protein?

A

Hydrogen

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17
Q

Give an example of a quaternary protein

A

Haemoglobin

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18
Q

what is a prosthetic group

A

non protein group found on a protein

19
Q

Proteins can be classified as globular or ________?

A

Structural

20
Q

How would you test for the presence of a protein In food. ?

A

Add bieuret solution, changed from blue to lilac.

21
Q

How can water help organisms keep cool

A

– high latent heat of vapourisation, large amounts body heat used to make sweat evaporate

22
Q

give one reason surface tension of water is useful for living organisms

A

can live on aquatic habitats

23
Q

name the components of sucrose

A

Fructose and glucose

24
Q

Describe the structure of glycogen

A

alpha glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, branched due to 1-6 glycosidic bonds

25
Q

Explain how the structure of starch gives it certain properties and uses

A

Structure - coiled (amylose )
Large molecule

Property
Dense
Insoluble

Use
Storage
Doesn’t affect osmosis

26
Q

27 Describe structural differences between cellulose and glycogen

A

Cellulose
Beta glucose monomer
Straight chains
Only 1-4 glycosidic bond
Has fibrils/ microfibrils and h bonds between chains
Each monomer flipped 180 degrees

Glycogen
Alpha glucose monomer
Branched
1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
No microfibrils or fibrils
All monomers have the same orientation

27
Q

Draw and label a triglyceride

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

28
Q

Describe the differences between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid.

A

Saturated
More Hs
No CC double bonds

Unsaturated
Less Hs
Has CC double bonds

29
Q

Draw and label the general structure for an amino acids.

A

Drawing

30
Q

Describe a quaternary protei

A

more than one polypeptide chain

31
Q

Give one use of sodium ions in the body

A

nerve impulse transmissions – absorptions of glucose/amino acids in kidney/small Intestine

32
Q

Draw a beta glucose molecule

A

Drawing

33
Q

Explain the properties of glycogen

A

low density – branched – 1-6 glycosidic bonds

34
Q

low density – branched – 1-6 glycosidic bonds

A

globular

35
Q

35 – Why are phospholipids soluble in both water and oil – phosphate head has a charge/polar/hydrophilic

A

fatty acids tails are hydrophobic/non polar/ no charge 1 mark for saying either phosphate dissolves in water or tails dissolve in oil.

36
Q

Why do lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrates

A

they have a higher ratio of H:O

37
Q

How would you test for the presence of a non reducing sugar

A

Add hcl and heat in water bath , neutralise with alkali, add benedicts solution heat in water bath at 80C, blue-brick red

38
Q

Name the 2 forms of secondary protein structure

A

Alpha helix and beta pleated.

39
Q

What is a quaternary protein

A

multiple polypeptide chains bonded together

40
Q

What is formed when 2 amino acids bond, and what is the bond called?

A

Dipeptide, peptide bond

41
Q

Why are lipids/triglcerides not considered to by polymers

A

– they aren’t made of repeating units, they are made of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids. They are not the same unit.

42
Q

Describe what a quaternary protein i

A

more than one polypeptide chain bonded together.

43
Q

How can a colourimeter be used to determine the relative mass of sugar in 2 solutions

A

the one that absorbs more light/transmits less light has more sugar in it

44
Q

Alpha a beta glucose have the the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

A

Isomerism.