Water-The wonder liquid

Question 1

What is the most common and important liquid on Earth?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

What is the basis of all life?

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

What does it mean by water shapes the Earths surface?

Answer 3

water runs through river etc and it can shape the river bank and theres alot of water around us.

Question 4

What is a fundamental part of the climate process?

Answer 4

Water

Question 5

Where does water come from?

Answer 5

Water comes from rain, rivers, springs, and boreholes.

Question 6

Who needs water to survive?

Answer 6

Animals, plants, and people need
water to survive.

Question 7

Where can water be stored?

Answer 7

Water can be stored in tanks, reservoirs, and storage dams.

Question 8

How can water be used?

Answer 8

Water can be used in many ways:
● To wash ourselves, our clothes, and our utensils.
● To transport people and cargo.
● To irrigate crops
● To cool machinery in factories and industries.
● To drink
● Some plants and animals live in water.
● We use water for recreation, e.g. swimming, diving, skiing, fishing, and surfing.
● To conduct religious rituals.
● To process and dilute waste products.

Question 9

What is a singular drop of water made of?

Answer 9

A drop of water is made of thousands of very small particles of water.

Question 10

Explain how the particles in ice,water vapour and water are arranged

Answer 10

Particles in steam are spread widely apart and move quickly. Particles in water are packed more tightly than
particles in steam, and they move slower. Particles in a solid are packed close together and
they do not move very much.

Question 11

What are waters 3 states?

Answer 11

● Solid – ice
● Liquid – water
● Gas – steam/ water vapour

Question 12

What are the properties of solid,liquid,gas

Answer 12

Solid-Fixed shape
-Fixed volume
Gas-Fixed volume
-Takes shape of container
Liquid-Takes shape of container
-Free surface
-Fixed volume

Question 13

What causes a change in state?

Answer 13

Tempreture

Question 14

Whats speed up the rate of evaporation?

Answer 14

Heat,wind and large surface energy

Question 15

What is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 15

Water is always circulating in nature. This is called the hydrological cycle. Evaporation
takes place from all bodies of water.Transpiration takes place from all
plant life. The water vapour that rises forms clouds. Condensation takes place in the form of
precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail. Percolation (soak-in) then takes place and
the water soaks into the sub-soil, springs, and underground water supplies. The cycle then
begins again.

Question 16

What is transpiration?

Answer 16

it is the movement of water through all plant life.

Question 17

What is percolation?

Answer 17

It is the process of water soaking into the ground(subsoil the springs and the underground water)

Question 18

what is a solute ,solvent and solution?

Answer 18

A solute is the substance dissolved into the solvent.
A solvent is the liquid/non newtonian fluid the solute is added to.
A solution is the the mixture of the dissolved solute and the solvent.

Question 19

what is soluble and insoluble?

Answer 19

The substances that dissolve in water are said to be soluble. Substances that does not
dissolve in water are said to be insoluble.

Question 20

Name some soluble and insoluble liquids,solids and gases

Answer 20

● Soluble solids: salt, sugar
● Insoluble solids: Sulphur, sand, chalk
● Soluble liquids: spirits, ink, milk
● Insoluble liquids: oil, paraffin, petrol.
● Soluble gases: that air that we breathe

Question 21

What are the advantages of water as a solvent?

Answer 21

● Washing and cleansing: Because water can dissolve many substances, it is used
to wash dirt and stains from fabrics, objects, and the human body. Soap and
detergents are used to break up substances that do not dissolve in water, e.g. oil and
fat, into small particles so that they can be washed out more easily.
● Flavouring of food: Substances that we use to improve the flavor of food - e.g. salt,
sugar, flavourings, and spices – dissolve in water and can then spread through the
food. Otherwise, our food would be tasteless. When we make tea or coffee, part of
the tea leaf or coffee bean dissolves in the water.
● Medicine: Many types of medicines which we drink or which are injected are solids
that have been dissolved in water. We often dissolve tablets in water before drinking
them.
● Plant food: Plants absorb the minerals they need through their roots. To enable
them to do this, the salts must be dissolved in water. We say that the plants absorb
the dissolved salts.
● Aquatic life: Animals and plants that live underwater obtain the oxygen they need for
breathing from the air that is dissolved in the water.

Question 22

What are the disadvantages of water as a slovent?

Answer 22

● The fading of fabrics: dyes that are water-soluble easily wash out of the fabrics.
Such fabrics fade easily and also stain other articles that are washed with them.
● Weathering: Certain minerals in building-stones, building-lime, and plaster slowly
dissolve in rainwater. As a result of this, buildings eventually become weathered.
● Leaching of soil: Rain and irrigation water dissolve the mineral salts in the soil and
wash them away. We say that the soil is leached and it becomes necessary to keep
adding fertilizer.
● Brackish soil: Water does not only remove salt from the soil but can also add too
much salt to the soil. This causes poorly drained soil to become brackish. Plants do
not grow well in brackish soil.
● Hard water: Water in which soap does not lather easily is called hard water. Such
water contains dissolved salts. When hard water is boiled, it forms a “fur” on the
inside of the kettles. This “fur” can block the steam pipes and cause boilers to burst.
A kettle with this “fur” has to be heated for much longer before the water boils.

Question 23

what do we call the degree to which a substance can dissolve into a liquid

Answer 23

The degree to which a
substance can dissolve in a liquid is called the solubility of the substance.

Question 24

What does solubility depend on?

Answer 24

● The type of solute
● The type of solvent
● The temperature of the solvent

Question 25

What is the rate of solution?

Answer 25

The speed at which the solute dissolves into the solvent.

Question 26

What does the rate of solution depend?

Answer 26

● Stirring
● How fine the substance is
● Temperature of the solvent

Question 27

What does saturated and unsaturated mean?

Answer 27

You can dissolve a certain amount of a solute in a solvent. After that, the solute does not
dissolve and we say the solution is saturated. As long as the solute is able to dissolve in the
solvent, the solution is unsaturated. The amount of a solute that will saturate a solution is
different for each kind of solute.

Question 28

What is crystalization?

Answer 28

When we want to regain a solid that has been dissolved in water, we use a process called
crystallization.

Question 29

How can crystals be identified?

Answer 29

Crystals can be
identified by their shape and colour.

Question 30

What are the sides of crystals called?

Answer 30

facets

Question 31

What do we call the solids gained from crystalization?

Answer 31

The solids that have been gained from such a solution are called crystals.
Some crystals, like diamonds, take years to form deep underground.

Question 32

How are crystals obtained from a saturated solution

Answer 32

● By means of cooling the saturated solution
● By means of slow evaporation of the solvent
● By means of evaporation a solution to dryness by means of heating.

Question 33

What do we need to grow crystals

Answer 33

● A saturated solution
● One which cools very slowly so that the crystals form slowly
● A very clean container for this to take place in.

Question 34

How are stalactites and stalagmites formed?

Answer 34

(slow evaporation) During thousands of years, limestones slowly dissolved in water and hollowed out underground caves. Later, more water containing the dissolved limestone trickled down very slowly through slits and cracks
in the caves. The water evaporates very slowly and causes beautiful limestone formations to
form. Formations hanging from the roof are called stalactites, and those that grow up from
the ground are called stalagmites.

Question 35

Where are some of the most well known stalactite and stalagmite caves?

Answer 35

Some of the best known stalactite caves in the world are the Cango Caves near Oudtshoorn,
and the Sudwala Caves in Mpumalanga.