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SELE 2024 > WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING > Flashcards

WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING Flashcards

1
Q

Is a branch of continuous mechanics that deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations

A

FLUID MECHANICS

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2
Q

Mechanics of fluid at rest

A

FLUID STATICS

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3
Q

Deals with velocities and streamlines without considering forces or energy

A

KINEMATICS

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4
Q

Deals with the relations between velocities and accelerations and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion

A

FLUID DYNAMICS

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5
Q

Deals with the application of fluid mechanics to engineering devices involving liquids, usually water or oil. It includes problems such as flow of liquids through pipes or in open channels, the design of storage dams, pumps, water turbines, and with other devices for the control or use of liquids.

A

HYDRAULICS

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6
Q

Deals with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes, such as the flow gases through nozzles at high speeds.

A

GAS DYNAMICS

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7
Q

Deals with the flow of gases, especially air, over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds.

A

AERODYNAMICS

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8
Q

From the view point of fluid mechanics, all matter consists of only two states:

A

FLUID AND SOLID

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9
Q

A solid can resist a _______ by a static deformation; a ______ cannot

A

SHEAR STRESS ; FLUID

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10
Q

Is the study of materials showing dual behaviors; under certain limits, it behaves like solid, and under others behaves like fluid.

A

RHEOLOGY

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11
Q

Convenient to assume fluids are continuously distributed throughout the region of interest

A

CONTINUUM

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12
Q

Will deform at different rates under the action of the same applied shear stress. Examples are water, air, and gasoline

A

NEWTONIAN FLUID

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13
Q

Fluid in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate. Examples are toothpaste and Lucite paint

A

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

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14
Q

Fluids that do not undergo significant changes in density as they flow

A

INCOMPRESSIBLE

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15
Q

Fluids that undergo significant changes in density as they flow

A

COMPRESSIBLE

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16
Q

Also known as thickening fluids, they become more resistant or viscous to motion as the strain increases

A

DILATANTS

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17
Q

also known as shear thinning fluids, become less resistant to motion with an increased strain rate

A

PSEODOPLASTICS

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18
Q

require a minimum shear stress to cause motion

A

BINGHAM FLUIDS

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19
Q

Also known as Bingham Fluids

A

IDEAL PLASTICS

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20
Q

Regions where frictional effects are significant called _______

A

VISCOUS REGIONS

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21
Q

Usually close to solid surfaces

A

VISCOUS REGIONS

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22
Q

Regions where frictional forces are small compared to inertial or pressure forces are called _____

A

INVISCID

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23
Q

Is the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively

A

DIMENSION

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24
Q

A particular way of attaching a number to the quantitative dimension

A

UNIT

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25
Q

the amount of matter in a particle or object

A

MASS

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26
Q

the force that gravitation exerts on a body

A

WEIGHT

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27
Q

mass per unit of volume

A

DENSITY

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28
Q

the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid

A

SPECIFIC VOLUME

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29
Q

reciprocal of density

A

SPECIFIC VOLUME

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30
Q

weight per volume

A

SPECIFIC WEIGHT

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31
Q

Also known as specific weight

A

UNIT WEIGHT

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32
Q

Also known as relative density

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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33
Q

is a unitless ratio of a fluid’s density to some standard reference density.

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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34
Q

Density of water in kilograms per cubic meter

A

1000

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35
Q

Density of water in grams per cubic cm

A

1

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36
Q

Specific weight of water in kN per cubic meter

A

9.81

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37
Q

Specific weight of water in lb per cubic feet

A

62.4

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38
Q

is the property of fluid that can be thought as the internal stickiness of a fluid

A

ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY

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39
Q

Also known as Absolute viscosity

A

DYNAMIC VISCOSITY

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40
Q

Also known as Dynamic Viscosity

A

ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY

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41
Q

1 Poise is equal to how many Pa-s

A

0.10

42
Q

the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of fluid to its density

A

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

43
Q

It is a quantity in which no force is involved

A

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

44
Q

commonly used to characterize the compressiblity of fluids

A

BULK MODULUS

45
Q

Also known as elasticity

A

BULK MODULUS

46
Q

It is the reciprocal of coefficient of compressibility

A

BULK MODULUS

47
Q

is the fractional change in the volume of a fluid per unit change in pressure in a constant temperature process

A

COMPRESSIBILITY

48
Q

is a force within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to behave as an elastic sheet

A

SURFACE TENSION

49
Q

The ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upward against the force of gravity

A

CAPILLARY ACTION

50
Q

The height of a liquid in a tube

A

CAPILLARY ACTION

51
Q

It is the intermolecular bonding of a substance where its mutual attractiveness forces them to maintain a certain shape of the liquid

A

COHESIVE FORCE

52
Q

forces of attraction between unlike molecules occur

A

ADHESIVE FORCE

53
Q

formation of impenetrable surface on the body of water due to cohesive forces

A

SURFACE TENSION

54
Q

is a pressure wave disturbance in fluids

A

CELERITY

55
Q

Also known as acoustical or sonic velocity

A

CELERITY

56
Q

Bulk modulus of elasticity of fluid at 30 degrees Celcius

A

2.25 MPa

57
Q

is a pressure wave travelling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to compressible flow

A

MACH WAVE

58
Q

A wave that propagates across the flow at the Mach Angle

A

MACH WAVE

59
Q

A dimensionless value useful for analyzing fluid flow dynamics problems where compressibility is a significant factor

A

CAUCHY NUMBER

60
Q

It is the square of the Mach Number

A

CAUCHY NUMBER

61
Q

Is the force exerted per unit area

A

PRESSURE

62
Q

Is transmitted with equal intensity in all directions and acts normal to any plane

A

FLUID PRESSURE

63
Q

the pressure intensity at the base of a column of a homogeneous fluid of a given height in meters

A

PRESSURE HEAD

64
Q

vertical distance or height of water above a reference point

A

HEAD

65
Q

a completely empty space in which the pressure is zero

A

VACUUM

66
Q

the pressure at the surface of the earth due to the head of air above the surface

A

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

67
Q

At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is about ______ kPa

A

101.325

68
Q

the pressure measured above or below the atmospheric pressure

A

GAUGE PRESSURE

69
Q

the pressure measured above absolute zero or vacuum

A

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

70
Q

Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure = _____

A

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE

71
Q

states that the pressure intensity at a point in a fluid at rest is the same in all directions

A

PASCAL’S LAW

72
Q

states that any change in the pressure applied to a completely enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid and enclosing walls.

A

PASCAL’S LAW

73
Q

The difference in pressure between any two points in a homogeneous fluid at rest is equal to the _____ of the unit weight of the fluid and the vertical distance between them

A

PRODUCT

74
Q

It is where the flow rate does not change over time

A

STEADY FLOW

75
Q

Varying flow rate at the cross-section

A

UNSTEADY FLOW

76
Q

this occurs under the condition of steady flow when the mean velocity of flow is the same

A

UNIFORM FLOW

77
Q

Stream where cross-sections and velocities varies

A

NON-UNIFORM FLOW

78
Q

this occurs when at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same - implements that inflow equal outflow

A

CONTINUOUS FLOW

79
Q

this occurs when at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same - implements that inflow equals outflow. This statement is called the __________

A

EQUATION OF CONTINUITY

80
Q

it is the volume of fluid passing across a section per unit of time

A

FLOW RATE

81
Q

Also known as discharge

A

FLOW RATE

82
Q

density times the volumetric flow rate

A

MASS FLOW RATE

83
Q

unit weight times the volumetric flow rate

A

WEIGHT FLOW RATE

84
Q

it is the fluid passing across a section per unit of time

A

CONTINUITY EQUATION

85
Q

“Any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained in a given mass is the same at any point within its path of flow”

A

BERNOULLI’S ENERGY THEOREM

86
Q

It states that the pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid’s velocity increases

A

BERNOULLI’S ENERGY THEOREM

87
Q

considering head losses or energy contributed or dissipated by pipe appurtenances such as pump, turbine, and hydrant

A

BERNOULLI’S ENERGY EQUATION

88
Q

It adds energy to the system (Bernoulli’s equation)

A

PUMP

89
Q

It extracts energy from the system (Bernoulli’s equation)

A

TURBINE

90
Q

Is the expenditure of energy to overcome resistance to flow (Bernoulli’s equation)

A

HEAD LOSS

91
Q

the rate at which work is done

A

POWER

92
Q

is used to increase the head or to raise or deliver water from a lower to a higher elevation

A

PUMP

93
Q

input energy is the flow energy that is extracting flow energy to do mechanical work which produces electricty

A

TURBINE

94
Q

Also known as the hydraulic gradient and pressure gradient

A

HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE

95
Q

is the graphical representation of the potential head

A

HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE

96
Q

______ + ______ = HGL

A

PRESSURE HEAD + ELEVATION HEAD

97
Q

It is the line to which liquid rises in successive piezometer tubes

A

HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE

98
Q

HGL slopes ______ in the direction of flow but it may rise or fall due to changes in pressure

A

DOWNWARD

99
Q

is always above the HGL by an amount equal to the velocity head

A

ENERGY GRADE LINE

100
Q

the graphical representation of the total energy flow

A

ENERGY GRADE LINE

101
Q

EGL is to energy flow; HGL is to _____

A

POTENTIAL HEAD

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