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SELE 2024 > WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING > Flashcards

WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING Flashcards

1
Q

Is a branch of continuous mechanics that deals with the study of all fluids under static and dynamic situations

A

FLUID MECHANICS

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2
Q

Mechanics of fluid at rest

A

FLUID STATICS

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3
Q

Deals with velocities and streamlines without considering forces or energy

A

KINEMATICS

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4
Q

Deals with the relations between velocities and accelerations and forces exerted by or upon fluids in motion

A

FLUID DYNAMICS

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5
Q

Deals with the application of fluid mechanics to engineering devices involving liquids, usually water or oil. It includes problems such as flow of liquids through pipes or in open channels, the design of storage dams, pumps, water turbines, and with other devices for the control or use of liquids.

A

HYDRAULICS

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6
Q

Deals with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes, such as the flow gases through nozzles at high speeds.

A

GAS DYNAMICS

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7
Q

Deals with the flow of gases, especially air, over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds.

A

AERODYNAMICS

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8
Q

From the view point of fluid mechanics, all matter consists of only two states:

A

FLUID AND SOLID

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9
Q

A solid can resist a _______ by a static deformation; a ______ cannot

A

SHEAR STRESS ; FLUID

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10
Q

Is the study of materials showing dual behaviors; under certain limits, it behaves like solid, and under others behaves like fluid.

A

RHEOLOGY

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11
Q

Convenient to assume fluids are continuously distributed throughout the region of interest

A

CONTINUUM

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12
Q

Will deform at different rates under the action of the same applied shear stress. Examples are water, air, and gasoline

A

NEWTONIAN FLUID

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13
Q

Fluid in which shear stress is not directly proportional to deformation rate. Examples are toothpaste and Lucite paint

A

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

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14
Q

Fluids that do not undergo significant changes in density as they flow

A

INCOMPRESSIBLE

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15
Q

Fluids that undergo significant changes in density as they flow

A

COMPRESSIBLE

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16
Q

Also known as thickening fluids, they become more resistant or viscous to motion as the strain increases

A

DILATANTS

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17
Q

also known as shear thinning fluids, become less resistant to motion with an increased strain rate

A

PSEODOPLASTICS

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18
Q

require a minimum shear stress to cause motion

A

BINGHAM FLUIDS

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19
Q

Also known as Bingham Fluids

A

IDEAL PLASTICS

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20
Q

Regions where frictional effects are significant called _______

A

VISCOUS REGIONS

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21
Q

Usually close to solid surfaces

A

VISCOUS REGIONS

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22
Q

Regions where frictional forces are small compared to inertial or pressure forces are called _____

A

INVISCID

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23
Q

Is the measure by which a physical variable is expressed quantitatively

A

DIMENSION

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24
Q

A particular way of attaching a number to the quantitative dimension

A

UNIT

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25
the amount of matter in a particle or object
MASS
26
the force that gravitation exerts on a body
WEIGHT
27
mass per unit of volume
DENSITY
28
the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid
SPECIFIC VOLUME
29
reciprocal of density
SPECIFIC VOLUME
30
weight per volume
SPECIFIC WEIGHT
31
Also known as specific weight
UNIT WEIGHT
32
Also known as relative density
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
33
is a unitless ratio of a fluid's density to some standard reference density.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
34
Density of water in kilograms per cubic meter
1000
35
Density of water in grams per cubic cm
1
36
Specific weight of water in kN per cubic meter
9.81
37
Specific weight of water in lb per cubic feet
62.4
38
is the property of fluid that can be thought as the internal stickiness of a fluid
ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY
39
Also known as Absolute viscosity
DYNAMIC VISCOSITY
40
Also known as Dynamic Viscosity
ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY
41
1 Poise is equal to how many Pa-s
0.10
42
the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of fluid to its density
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
43
It is a quantity in which no force is involved
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
44
commonly used to characterize the compressiblity of fluids
BULK MODULUS
45
Also known as elasticity
BULK MODULUS
46
It is the reciprocal of coefficient of compressibility
BULK MODULUS
47
is the fractional change in the volume of a fluid per unit change in pressure in a constant temperature process
COMPRESSIBILITY
48
is a force within the surface layer of a liquid that causes the layer to behave as an elastic sheet
SURFACE TENSION
49
The ability of a narrow tube to draw a liquid upward against the force of gravity
CAPILLARY ACTION
50
The height of a liquid in a tube
CAPILLARY ACTION
51
It is the intermolecular bonding of a substance where its mutual attractiveness forces them to maintain a certain shape of the liquid
COHESIVE FORCE
52
forces of attraction between unlike molecules occur
ADHESIVE FORCE
53
formation of impenetrable surface on the body of water due to cohesive forces
SURFACE TENSION
54
is a pressure wave disturbance in fluids
CELERITY
55
Also known as acoustical or sonic velocity
CELERITY
56
Bulk modulus of elasticity of fluid at 30 degrees Celcius
2.25 MPa
57
is a pressure wave travelling with the speed of sound caused by a slight change of pressure added to compressible flow
MACH WAVE
58
A wave that propagates across the flow at the Mach Angle
MACH WAVE
59
A dimensionless value useful for analyzing fluid flow dynamics problems where compressibility is a significant factor
CAUCHY NUMBER
60
It is the square of the Mach Number
CAUCHY NUMBER
61
Is the force exerted per unit area
PRESSURE
62
Is transmitted with equal intensity in all directions and acts normal to any plane
FLUID PRESSURE
63
the pressure intensity at the base of a column of a homogeneous fluid of a given height in meters
PRESSURE HEAD
64
vertical distance or height of water above a reference point
HEAD
65
a completely empty space in which the pressure is zero
VACUUM
66
the pressure at the surface of the earth due to the head of air above the surface
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
67
At sea level, the atmospheric pressure is about ______ kPa
101.325
68
the pressure measured above or below the atmospheric pressure
GAUGE PRESSURE
69
the pressure measured above absolute zero or vacuum
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
70
Gauge Pressure + Atmospheric Pressure = _____
ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
71
states that the pressure intensity at a point in a fluid at rest is the same in all directions
PASCAL'S LAW
72
states that any change in the pressure applied to a completely enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all parts of the fluid and enclosing walls.
PASCAL'S LAW
73
The difference in pressure between any two points in a homogeneous fluid at rest is equal to the _____ of the unit weight of the fluid and the vertical distance between them
PRODUCT
74
It is where the flow rate does not change over time
STEADY FLOW
75
Varying flow rate at the cross-section
UNSTEADY FLOW
76
this occurs under the condition of steady flow when the mean velocity of flow is the same
UNIFORM FLOW
77
Stream where cross-sections and velocities varies
NON-UNIFORM FLOW
78
this occurs when at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same - implements that inflow equal outflow
CONTINUOUS FLOW
79
this occurs when at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same - implements that inflow equals outflow. This statement is called the __________
EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
80
it is the volume of fluid passing across a section per unit of time
FLOW RATE
81
Also known as discharge
FLOW RATE
82
density times the volumetric flow rate
MASS FLOW RATE
83
unit weight times the volumetric flow rate
WEIGHT FLOW RATE
84
it is the fluid passing across a section per unit of time
CONTINUITY EQUATION
85
"Any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained in a given mass is the same at any point within its path of flow"
BERNOULLI'S ENERGY THEOREM
86
It states that the pressure in a fluid decreases as the fluid's velocity increases
BERNOULLI'S ENERGY THEOREM
87
considering head losses or energy contributed or dissipated by pipe appurtenances such as pump, turbine, and hydrant
BERNOULLI'S ENERGY EQUATION
88
It adds energy to the system (Bernoulli's equation)
PUMP
89
It extracts energy from the system (Bernoulli's equation)
TURBINE
90
Is the expenditure of energy to overcome resistance to flow (Bernoulli's equation)
HEAD LOSS
91
the rate at which work is done
POWER
92
is used to increase the head or to raise or deliver water from a lower to a higher elevation
PUMP
93
input energy is the flow energy that is extracting flow energy to do mechanical work which produces electricty
TURBINE
94
Also known as the hydraulic gradient and pressure gradient
HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE
95
is the graphical representation of the potential head
HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE
96
______ + ______ = HGL
PRESSURE HEAD + ELEVATION HEAD
97
It is the line to which liquid rises in successive piezometer tubes
HYDRAULIC GRADE LINE
98
HGL slopes ______ in the direction of flow but it may rise or fall due to changes in pressure
DOWNWARD
99
is always above the HGL by an amount equal to the velocity head
ENERGY GRADE LINE
100
the graphical representation of the total energy flow
ENERGY GRADE LINE
101
EGL is to energy flow; HGL is to _____
POTENTIAL HEAD

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