Water Sources, Reservoir Management, Aeration Flashcards
Water rights to a water supply that is acquired for the beneficial use of water by following a specific legal procedure are called?
Appropriative
A natural underground layer of porous, water bearing materials usually capable of yielding a large amount of water is called?
Aquifer
A connection between a drinking water system and an unapproved or non-potable water supply is called?
Cross connection
The theoretical time it takes for a small amount of water to pass through a tank at a given flow rate is called?
Detention time
The drop in the water table or level of water in the ground when water is being pumped is called ?
Draw down
When is the drawdown taken?
When the pump is running?
What do you call the process by which water becomes a gas?
Evaporation
The process by which water vapors passes into the atmosphere from living plants is called
Evapotranspiration or transpiration
The actual time in hours, minutes, or seconds that a small amount of water is in a basin or tank is called?
Detention time
A detailed description of all underground features discovered during the drilling of a well is called?
Geological log
What do you call the process of evaporation of water into the air and its returns to Earth by precipitation?
Hydrological cycle
Water that contains objectionable pollution, contamination, minerals, or infective agents is called?
Non-potable water
Water that is free from objectionable taste, odors, color, and turbidity and is at a desirable temperature is called?
Palatable water
Disease causing organisms are called?
Pathogens
Water that does not contain objectionable pollution, contamination, minerals, or infective agents and is considered safe to drink is called?
Potable water
Water rights which are acquired together with title to the land bordering a source of surface water are called?
Riparian rights
When was the safe drinking water act put into law?
1974
When was the last safe drinking water act last amended?
1996
The annual quantity of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period of years without depleting the source permanently is called?
Safe yield
⭐. A condition that occurs in water tanks or basins that causes the water entering the tank to flow on a direct path from the inlet to the outlet is called?
Short circuiting
What is one method of fixing short circuiting?
Adding baffles to the tank or basin
The formation of separate layers of temperature, plants, or animal life in a lake or reservoir is called?
Stratification
⭐. The cloudy appearance of water caused by the presence of suspended and colloidal matter is called?
Turbidity
What is the upper surface of the zone of saturation of groundwater in an unconfined aquifer called?
Water table
⭐. The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from surface or groundwater sources is called?
Yield
⭐. Approximately how many feet of water evaporate annually from oceans?
6 ft
What percent of treated water has groundwater as its supply source?
25%
⭐ What percent of treated water has surface water as its supply source?
75%
When do reservoirs or lakes Destratify?
Spring or fall?
⭐. Do algae blooms occur during the winter?
Yes, but are less likely to occur
⭐. The porous material just above the water table containing water is called?
Capillary fringe
⭐ A branch of medicine which studies epidemics is called?
Epidemiology
The largest cause of waterborne illness in the United States is called?
Cross connection
⭐ Name five physical characteristics of water?
Color, taste, odors, turbidity, and temperature
A water system that has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days of the year is called?
Public water system
⭐ Nephlometric units are used to measure what parameter?
Turbidity
A water system that has at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year round residents is called?
Community water system
⭐. Any public water system that is not a community water system is classified as a?
Non-community water system
The three basic objectives of a WTP operators are?
Produce potable and palatable water at a reasonable cost
What is the first priority for operating a water treatment plant?
Production of palatable water free of harmful bacteria and toxic materials, if that answer is not a choice then health and welfare of the consumer
The gathering of liquid or gas on the surface or interface zone of another material is called?
Absorption
What do you call an electrical system designed to prevent rust, corrosion, or pitting of metallic surfaces that are in contact with water or soil?
Catholic protection
What is the indicator organism that is found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals including man and also in plants, soil, air, and water?
Coliform
The development of vertical mixing within a lake or reservoir to eliminate separate layers of temperature, plants, or animal life is called
Destructification
In direct filtration, which treatment process is omitted?
Sedimentation
Reservoirs and lakes that are rich in nutrients and very productive in terms of aquatic life and plant life are called?
Eutrophic
The vertical distance in feet equal to the pressure (PSI) at a specific point is called?
Head
⭐ What do you call the lowest layer in a thermally stratified lake of reservoirs?
Hypolimnion
What do you call the portion of a body of freshwater extending from the shoreline Lakeward to the limit of occupancy of rooted plant life?
Littoral zone
⭐. What is the strip of land along the shoreline between the high and low water levels?
Littoral zone
⭐. A reservoir or lake that has a moderate amount of nutrients is called?
Mesotrophic
⭐. Methyl orange is used to measure what water parameter?
Alkalinity
⭐ What is the middle layer of a thermally stratified lake or reservoir called?
Metallimnion or thermocline
⭐. Lakes and reservoirs that do not freeze during the winter and are relatively deep and generally undergo a single stratification and mixing cycle are called
Monomictic
Lakes and reservoirs that are nutrient poor and contain little plant or aquatic plant or animal life are called?
Oligotrophic
What do you call the spontaneous mixing of all layers of water in a thermally stratified lake or reservoir?
Destructification, overturned, turnover
What term is used to express the intensity of the basic or acidic condition of water?
pH
The logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity is called?
pH
What is the numerical range of pH?
0 to 14
What do you call the process by which organisms with the aid of chlorophyll convert carbon dioxide and inorganic substances into oxygen and additional plant material, using sunlight for energy?
Photosynthesis
⭐. What compounds reacts with chlorine to form THMs?
Naturally occurring volatile organics
Why is air added to a lake or reservoir?
To replenish DO
A flat, white disc lowered into water by a rope until it is just barely visible is called
Secchi disc
⭐. The point at which the secchi disc is barely visible is called
Secchi disc transparency
The minimum odor of a water sample that can be detected after successive dilutions with odorless water is called?
Threshold odorless number (TON)
⭐. The greatest dilution of a sample with odor-free water that still yields a just detectable odor is called
TON
⭐. Small, usually microscopic animals found in lakes and reservoirs are called?
Zooplankton
What change takes place in a lake or reservoir during daytime when there is an algae bloom?
pH goes up
After sundown what change takes place in a lake or reservoir that has experienced an algae bloom?
pH goes down
When is the pH at its lowest level in a lake or reservoir?
Just before sunrise
⭐. After sundown, plants give off carbon dioxide which drastically reduces the dissolved oxygen levels in a lake or reservoir. The oxygen depletion can cause what event?
Fishkill
⭐. Regulations enacted for land areas that surround a source of water are called?
Water shed
⭐. What is another name for copper sulfate pentahydrate ( CuSO4 5 H20) ?
Bluestone
What affects the efficiency of blue stone?
Alkalinity, pH, suspended matter, water temperature
⭐. If the total alkalinity of a lake or reservoir is less than 50 mg/L, the effective dosage of copper sulfate is ?
0.9 lb/acre -foot
⭐. If the total alkalinity of a lake or reservoir is more than 50 mg/L, the effective dosage of copper sulfate is?
5.0 lb/ acre-foot
⭐. Which acid when added to bluestone, will delay the precipitation of copper sulfate from the blue stone solution?
Aliphatic hydroxide acid , such as citric acid
What term is used to define a well or underground basin, in which the water is under pressure greater than atmospheric and will rise above the level of its upper confined space if given the opportunity?
Artisan water
When is the drawdown of a well taken?
When the pump is running?
What term is used to define a detailed elevation and/or inspection of a source of water supply and all conveyances, storage, treatment and distribution facilities to ensure protection of the water supply from all pollution sources?
Sanitary survey
The gathering of a gas or liquid on the surface or interface zone of another material is called?
Absorption
⭐. What do you call small, unusual microscopic plants, such as algae, found in lakes and reservoirs?
Phytoplankton
⭐. What do you call small unusual microscopic animals found in lakes or reservoirs?
Zooplankton
⭐. When a reservoir freezes, what action is necessary to protect structures and embankments?
Lower the reservoir water level
⭐ When a reservoir freezes, ball floats for level control become virtually useless. What other level device can be used in place of a ball float?
Bubbler tube or Manometer?
⭐ What type of device is usually used for withdrawing water from a lake or reservoir?
Multilevel intake
⭐ lakes or reservoirs are classified according to what parameter?
Depth
⭐ What type of lakes or reservoirs are operators more likely to encounter?
Second order classification
What is the purpose of a screen or trash rack on a multi-level intake structure?
To prevent fish, leaves, debris, etc. From entering the water treatment plant
.⭐. How can you minimize the entrance of silt into the intake system of a reservoir?
Install baffles
⭐. To protect the bubbler tube from ice formation, the tube should be equipped with what device?
Pyrotenax cable AKA heating tape
