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Clinical Nutrition > Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Sore throat, redness and swelling of the mouth, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, magenta tongue, moist scaly skin, seborrheic dermatitis, fatigue, weakness, tachycardia, easy bruising, photophobia, fissure tongue, forgetfulness, depression, irritability, and hostility are all SSXs of __ Vitamin deficiency

A

B

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2
Q

Who might be at risk for B vitamin deficiency?

A

Vegetarians..specifically Vegans

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3
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamin

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4
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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5
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

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6
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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7
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

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8
Q

Vitamin B7

A

Biotin

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10
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin

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11
Q

Energy metabolism, nervous system, and protein synthesis are 3 important functions of what B vitamin?

A

Thiamin B1

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12
Q

What is thiamin deficiency called?

A

Beri Beri

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13
Q

Name the 3 types of Beri Beri

A
  1. Dry
  2. Wet
  3. Cerebral
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14
Q

Cardiac problems are associated with ___ Beri Beri

A

Wet

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15
Q

Wernicke’s and Korsakoff’s are associated with ___ Beri Beri

A

Cerebral

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16
Q

Dry Beri Beri is associated with what presentation?

A

Paralytic/nervous

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17
Q

___ is required for thiamin activation (mineral)

A

Magnesium

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18
Q

What is the toxicity of Thiamin?

A

NONE

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19
Q

___ is an integral component of flavocoenzymes

A

Riboflavin

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20
Q

2 important functions of riboflavin?

A
  1. Oxidation-reduction reactions (electron transport, metabolism of fat protein, carbs)
  2. Antioxidant (indirect-glutathione reductase)
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21
Q

In the glutathione redox cycle, ___ reduces it, while ___ oxidizes it

A

Riboflavin (FAD), Selenium

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22
Q

Riboflavin deficiency can cause what two unique SSXs?

A

Corneal vascularization, normochromic-normocytic anemia

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23
Q

What is the toxic level of riboflavin?

A

NONE

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24
Q

Highly active people, cataract prevention, migraine, Parkinson’s, and psoriasis may all benefit from ___ supplementation

A

Riboflavin

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25
Q

What dose of riboflavin is useful for migraine headaches?

A

400mg/day for 3 months

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26
Q

A potential harmless side effect of excess riboflavin?

A

Bright yellow/fluorescent urine

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27
Q

Niacin/nicotinamide are used to form what coenzyme?

A

NAD+ (or NADP+)

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28
Q

Which B vitamin is involved in blood sugar regulation?

A

Niacin

29
Q

What is Niacin deficiency called?

A

Pellagra

30
Q

The 3 D’s of Pellagra?

A

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia……DEATH

31
Q

NAD can be synthesized from what amino acid?

A

Tryptophan

32
Q

__mg tryptophan = 1mg niacin

A

60

33
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake level (UL) of niacin and why?

A

35mg to avoid flushing

34
Q

The treatment of cardiovascular disease can be helped by niacin, but not ____

A

Niacinamide

35
Q

The Coronary Drug Project (CDP-Niacin) was for men with previous MI. They took __g/day for 6 years and had positive results.

A

3

36
Q

Nicotinic acid causes flushing, but is effective. What are the results of time release and wax matrix nicotinic acid?

A

TR=less flushing, more toxic, less effective

WM=less flushing, effective

37
Q

In niacin treatment for hyperlipidemia start with ___mg BID-TID, then increase by ____mg every 2-3 days.

A

100, 100

38
Q

What is the active form of pyridoxine (B6)?

A

Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate (PLP)

39
Q

____ is required for pyridoxine to PLP reaction (other B vitamin)

A

Riboflavin (B2)

40
Q

What is the tolerable upper intake level of Pyridoxine in adults and why?

A

100mg - sensory neuropathy

41
Q

What is the role of pyridoxine in homocysteine metabolism?

A

Nucleic acid synthesis, methylation process (converts homocysteine to cysteine)

42
Q

Pyridoxine is associated with the same deficiency SSXs as ___ and ___ (other B vitamins)

A

Niacin, Riboflavin

43
Q

The sulfur containing amino acid involved in the methylation process of homocysteine, along with pyridoxine?

A

Methionine

44
Q

Folic acid and folate are used interchangeably, but ___ is more stable, rarely found in foods or the human body, and used in supplements.

A

Folic acid

45
Q

The active form of folic acid?

A

5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)

46
Q

Methylation, nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cell growth are all important functions of this B vitamin.

A

Folic acid

47
Q

Who is susceptible to folic acid deficiency?

A

Pregnant women, alcoholics

48
Q

What might be the first sign of folic acid deficiency?

A

Elevated homocysteine

49
Q

The tolerable upper intake level of folic acid in adults?

A

1,000ug (does NOT pertain to pregnant women)

50
Q

The prevalence of the MTHFR polymorphism: __% may have heterozygous form, while __% may have homozygous form

A

50%, 5-25%

51
Q

What B vitamin may be helpful in AIDS and recurrent miscarriages?

A

Folic acid

52
Q

The largest and most complex structure of all vitamins

A

B12

53
Q

___ functions in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, folate metabolism, methylation of DNA and RNA, producing succinyl-CoA, metabolism of fat and protein, and synthesis of Hb

A

Vitamin B12

54
Q

Toxicity of Vitamin B12?

A

NONE

55
Q

___ is a component of Coenzyme A

A

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

56
Q

___ is involved in energy production (Krebs cycle), fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, heme synthesis, acetylcholine synthesis, amino acid catabolism

A

Pantothenic acid (B5)

57
Q

Tolerable upper intake level for pantothenic acid?

A

NONE

58
Q

This form of pantothenic acid is useful for hypercholesterolemia. It is 2 pantothenic acid molecules joined by a disulfide bond.

A

Pantethine

59
Q

Collagen formation, carnitine synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, cholesterol breakdown and secretion, antioxidant. All functions of Vitamin __

A

C

60
Q

Vitamin C deficiency is called?

A

Scurvy

61
Q

SSx of Scurvy?

A

Impaired connective tissue synthesis, wound healing, immunity

62
Q

Tolerable upper limit of Vitamin C in adults? Why?

A

2,000mg - to prevent diarrhea

63
Q

Pregnancy and lactation, anticonvulsant drugs, oral antibiotics, hypocaloric diet for weight loss, and raw egg consumption are all risks for ____ deficiency

A

Biotin

64
Q

Hair loss, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, and deficiency face are all SSXs of ___ deficiency

A

Biotin

65
Q

Toxicity of Biotin?

A

NONE

66
Q

___ may be an important supplement for Diabetes

A

Biotin

67
Q

Humans lack the ability to synthesize ____. It is a potent reducing agent, and the primary water-soluble, non-enzymatic antioxidant in plasma and tissues

A

Vitamin C

68
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic acid

Clinical Nutrition (3 decks)

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