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Nutrition > Water Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamine (B1) function

A

Decarboxylation and transketolation

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2
Q

Types of hiamine (B1) deficiency

A

Beri-beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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3
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficieny: Wet beri-beri

A

High output heart failure

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4
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficieny: Dry beri-beri

A

Peripheral nerve disorder (pain, paresthesias, loss of reflexes), often legs

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5
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency:

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

CNS involvement (amnesia, impaired learning, confusion, nystagmus)

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6
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency labs

A

Transketolase activity >15-20%

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7
Q

Thiamine (B1) deficiency treatment

A

IV thiamine

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8
Q

Riboflavin (B2) function

A

Cytochrome p450, NAD

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9
Q

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency symptoms

A

Glossitis, angular stomatitis, dermatitis, corneal vascularization

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10
Q

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency labs

A

Urine, serum, erythrocyte glutathione reductase

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11
Q

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency treatment

A

Food with riboflavin (yellow food!)

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12
Q

Niacin (B3) function

A

NAD and NADP

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13
Q

Niacin (B3) deficiency symptoms

A

Pellagra - triple D: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia (can result in death)

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14
Q

Niacin (B3) deficiency labs

A

Urine, serum, NAD/NADP

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15
Q

Niacin (B3) deficiency treatment

A

Oral niacin

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16
Q

Niacin (B3) toxicity

A

Flushing, GI symptoms, hyperglycemia, gout, elevated LFTs

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17
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) function

A

Aminotransferase, heme synthesis

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18
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) deficiency causes

A

Med interactions: isonazid, cycloserine, penicillamine, contraceptives

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19
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) deficiency symptoms

A

Severe: peripheral neuropathy, anemia, seizures

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20
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) deficiency labs

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

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21
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) deficiency treatment

A

Pyroxidine (B6) supplements

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22
Q

Pyroxidine (B6) toxicity

A

Potentially irreversible peripheral neuropathy

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23
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) function

A

1-C metabolism: DNA replication, erythropoiesis, SAM synthesis

24
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency causes

A

Vegan diet, decreased GI absorption

25
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency symptoms

A

Pale, peripheral neuropathy, paresthesias, problems with balance and proprioception, dementia

26
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency labs

A

Methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine, megaloblastic anemia

27
Q

Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency treatment

A

IM/SQ injections, then oral methylcoblamin

28
Q

Folate (B9) function

A

1-C metabolism

29
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency causes

A

Alcoholism, anorexia, inadequate intake, med interference: phenytoin, TMP-SMX, sulfas

30
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency symptoms

A

Pale, anorexia, glossitis, diarrhea

31
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency labs

A

Megaloblastic anemia, low folic acid

32
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency treatment

A

Oral folic acid

33
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) function

A

CoA: synthesizes vitamins A, D, cholesterol, heme, fatty acids, amino acids, proteins

34
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency causes

A

Rare: famine, war

35
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency symptoms

A

Paresthesias, dysesthesias “burning feet syndrome”

36
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency labs

37
Q

Pantothenic Acid (B5) deficiency treatment

A

B5 supplement

38
Q

Biotin (B7) function

A

Histone modifications

39
Q

Biotin (B7) deficiency causes

A

Rare: malnourishment, consumption of large amounts of egg whites

40
Q

Biotin (B7) deficiency symptoms

A

AMS, myalgia, dysesthesias, anorexia, nausea, chronic: maculosquamous dermatitis of extremities

41
Q

Biotin (B7) labs

A

Serum, urine B7

42
Q

Biotin (B7) deficiency treatment

A

Biotin (B7) supplement

43
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Antioxidant, collagen synthesis

44
Q

Vitamin C deficiency causes

A

Dietary inadequacy

45
Q

Vitamin C deficiency symptoms

A

Scurvy: bleeding, poor wound healing

46
Q

Vitamin C deficiency labs

A

Plasma ascorbic acid

47
Q

Vitamin C deficiency treatment

A

Oral ascorbic acid

48
Q

Vitamin C toxicity

A

GI irritation, oxalate kidney stones, false negative on fecal occult blood tests or urine glucose

49
Q

Thiamin

50
Q

Riboflavin

51
Q

Niacin

52
Q

Pyroxidine

53
Q

Cyanocobalamin

54
Q

Folate

55
Q

Panthothenic acid

56
Q

Biotin

Nutrition (1 decks)

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