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Metabolism > Water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

3 general features of WSVs

A
  • precursors to coenzymes involved in intermediary metabolism
  • all but vitamin B12 are in vegetables
  • deficiency in all but B12 leads to clinical symptoms within weeks due to low body stores
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2
Q

Vitamin B1 also called:

A

thiamine

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3
Q

diseases associated with thiamine (B1) deficiency

A
  • Korsakoff’s Disease in alcohol abusers

- Beriberi - peripheral neuropathy and dilated cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

thiamine (B1) physiological importance

A
  • coenzyme for enzymes involved in carb metabolism, specifically pyruvate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase
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5
Q

vitamin B2 also known as

A

riboflavin

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6
Q

riboflavin (B2) physiological importance

A
  • precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzymes
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7
Q

symptoms of riboflavin (B2) deficiency

A
  • fissuring at angles of mouth
  • dermatitis
  • purple tongue
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8
Q

vitamin B3 also known as

A

Niacin

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9
Q

niacin (B3) physiological importance

A
  • precursor to NAD and NADP coenzymes
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10
Q

symptoms of niacin (B3) deficiency

A
  • pellagra “sour skin”, dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death (lots of D words!)
  • Hartnup disease and carcinoid syndrome because of reduced tryptophan uptake/metabolism
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11
Q

why is niacin (B3) not really a vitamin?

A
  • body can make it from tryptophan
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12
Q

therapeutic use of niacin (B3)

A
  • used to lower LDL and VLDL cholesterol in type 2b hyperlipoproteinemia
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13
Q

vitamin B5 also known as

A

pantothenic acid

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14
Q

pantothenic acid (B5) significance

A
  • component of CoA
  • no disease associated with deficiency
  • found in FAS
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15
Q

vitamin B6 compounds

A
  • pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine

- precursors for pyridoxal phosphate, coenzyme for amino acid reactions

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16
Q

vitamin B6 therapeutic use

A
  • binds to antituberculous drug Isoniazid

- routine prescribed together with Isoniazid to prevent functional deficiency, characterized by seizures

17
Q

vitamin B7 also known as

A

Biotin

18
Q

Biotin (B7) physiological significance

A
  • coenzyme in decarboxylation reactions that is covalently bound to specific lysine residues
  • found in ACC
19
Q

symptoms of Biotin (B7) deficiency

A
  • caused by eating greater than 20 eggs per day
  • eggs contain biotin-binding protein Avidin
  • dermatitis, glossitis, nausea
20
Q

vitamin B9 also known as

A

Folate

21
Q

Folate (B9) physiological importance

A
  • necessary for one carbon metabolism, including purine and thymadine (DNA) synthesis
22
Q

Folate (B9) deficiency

A
  • causes megaloblastic anemia in adults and neural tube defects in fetus
23
Q

folate (B9) therapeutic use

A
  • given in first trimester of pregnancy to prevent defects

- supplemented in enriched foods since 1998

24
Q

vitamin B12 also known as

A

cobalamin

25
Q

cobalamin (B12) physiological significance

A
  • precursor of methyl cobalamin which is needed to synthesize methionine from homocysteine in blood cells
  • precursor of deoxyadenosycobalamin, which is needed for fatty acid metabolism in brain cells
26
Q

difference between B12 and other vitamins

A
  • B12 not produced by plants

- requires intrinsic factor for intestinal absorption

27
Q

cobalamin (B12) deficiency

A
  • seen in vegans and those with pernicious anemia (no intrinsic factor)
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • subacute combined degeneration of spinal chord
  • dementia
28
Q

etiology of megaloblastic anemia in B12 deficiency

A
  • lack of B12 blocks metabolism of N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate which then cannot be used for DNA synthesis
  • symptoms only appear after years of deficiency due to large body stores
29
Q

treatment of B12 deficiency

A
  • pernicious anemia treated with intramuscular B12 injections, circumvents need for intrinsic factor
  • folate supplementation ameliorates megaloblastic anemia caused by deficiencies of B12 or folate
  • folate does not treat spinal chord degeneration
30
Q

vitamin C also known as

A

ascorbic acid

31
Q

ascorbic acid (C) physiological significance

A

necessary for post-translational hydroxylation of proline, especially in collagen

32
Q

ascorbic acid (C) deficiency

A
  • scurvy - bleeding gums, hemorrhages around corkscrew hair follicles, bone pain caused by bleeding underneath periosteum, poor wound healing
33
Q

ascorbic acid (C) mega-dose

A

can cause oxalic acid kidney stones

Metabolism (9 decks)

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