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ASC273 Final exam topics > Water soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Water soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins…?

A

All except ADEK (fat-soluble)

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2
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) needed for…?

A

CHO metabolism (ox. decarbox., TCA cycle, pentose p.p)
Synthesis of branched AAs
Nerve transmission

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3
Q

Sources of vitamin B1…?

A

green leaves, cereal grains, yeast (excellent sources)

microbial synthesis usually enough

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4
Q

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B1…?

A

inappetance, anorexia, muscle weakness, reduced growth, incoordination, hair loss

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5
Q

Bracken fern poisoning causes what to which vitamin?

A

destroys thiamine via thiaminase (B1)

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6
Q

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) needed for…?

A

part of flavoproteins (eg. FAD) -> H+ & e- transport

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7
Q

Sources of vitamin B2…?

A

High - fresh forage & yeast

low - cereals

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8
Q

Deficiency of vitamin B2…?

A

unlikey in ruminants - microbes synthesise
other animals - rough hair coat, vomiting, poor feed utilisation, curled toe paralysis (chicks), opthalmia (eye inflamm.)

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9
Q

Vitamin B3 (niacin) needed for…?

A

required for NAD & NADP - energy metabolism

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10
Q

Sources of vitamin B3 (niacin)…?

A

Yeast & sunflower meal
produced by microbes
bound in cereals (little available to pigs & poultry)

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11
Q

Deficiency in vitamin B3 (niacin)…?

A

poor growth, anorexia, dermatitis & pellagra (scaly sores, lesions on hands etc.), bone & feather probs in chicks
Supplements reduce ketosis (cattle)

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12
Q

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) needed for…?

A

part of Coenzyme A

needed for: FA ox., acetic acid metabolism, chol. & steriod synthesis, CHO & protein metabolism

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13
Q

Sources of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)…?

A

widely distributed

microbes synthesise

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14
Q

Deficiency symptoms of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)…?

A

rough hair coat & loss, slow growth, ‘goose stepping’ gait

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15
Q

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) needed for…?

A

AA metabolism
glycogen, glucose, lipid metabolism
adrenalin & noradrenaline synthesis
haemoglobin synthesis

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16
Q

Sources of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)…?

A

widely distributed in plants

rumen microbes synthesise

17
Q

Deficiencies of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)…?

A

rare

poor growth, convulsions, anaemia

18
Q

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) needed for…?

A

part of coenzyme -> removes single C units to make histidine, serine, glycine, methionine, purines, RNA & DNA)

19
Q

Sources of Vitamin B9 (folic acid)…?

A

fresh forage, cereals, oilseed meals
synthesised by microbes
destroyed by UV light, heat, moisture

20
Q

Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B9 (folic acid)…?

A

low growth rate, anaemia, poor bone dev.

21
Q

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) needed for…?

A

several enzyme systems - isomerases; synthesis of methionine, DNA, RBC’s; proprionate -> succinate

22
Q

Sources of Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)…?

A

synthesised by microbes (cobalt also needed)

23
Q

Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)…?

A

slow growth, poor feathering (chicks), anaemia

24
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) needed for…?

A

major antioxidant
enzyme in e- transport (NADH+)
collagen & NA synthesis
made from glucose (liver) - except humans, primates, some birds & fish

25
Q

Sources of vitamin C (ascorbic acid)…?

A

fruit (lemon)

fresh green leaves

26
Q

Deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid)…?

A

scurvy (gingivitis, emaciation, diarrhoea, bone, teeth & cartilage defects, low infection resistance)
Supplements beneficial in stressed, infected animals

27
Q

Biotin (vitamin H) needed for…?

A

coenzyme carbox./decarbox reactions for CHO and nucleic acid metabolism
contains S

28
Q

Biotin (vitamin H) sources…?

A

wheat & barley -> poorly available to pigs/chicks

29
Q

Biotin (vitamin H) deficiency…?

A

poor hair & nails
Pigs -> foot lesions, alopecia (balding), dry & scaly skin, poor growth rate
Poultry -> poor growth, dermatitis, cracked feet, poor feathering, fatty liver (hepatic lipidosis), fatty kidney syndrome
Supplements horses -> corrected crumbly hoof

30
Q

Choline needed for…?

A

water-soluble essential nutrient
structural component of body tissue (lecithin)
precursor of ACh

31
Q

Sources of choline…?

A

widely distributed esp soybean meal, mustard-seed meal

Liver can make from methionine

32
Q

Deficiency of choline…?

A 
fatty liver (hepatic lipidosis) 
haemorrhagic kidney necrosis

ASC273 Final exam topics (8 decks)

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