Water & Solubility Flashcards
Polar molecule
Have an uneven distribution of charge due to a greater density of electrons on one end of the molecules.
Electronegativity
How attracted the element is to it’s electrons.
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole force between a hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen in another molecule.
Solution
Formed when one substance is completely dissolved in another.
Mixture
More than two substances that haven’t been chemically changed
Brownian Motion
The random movement of water molecules.
Solute
What is dissolved.
Unsaturated
Contains less solute then it can hold at a given temperature
solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve.
Van der waals forces
Intermolecular forces that are the week attractive forces that attract molecules of the same substance to each other.
Surface tension
The inward force of liquid water molecules have a strong cohesion so they are drawn inward to each other and form a “skin” over the surface water
Universal solvent
Water is the universal solvent, it can dissolve substances so readily, that water is almost never found and it’s pure form
Supersaturated
Contains more solute then it can hold at a given temperature
Dippole-Dippole forces
Polar molecules
Solvation
The process of dissolving substances in water.
Saturated
Contains the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature
Seed Crystal
Supersaturated solutions are unstable and often will reform crystals if a Seed Crystal is added
Surfactant
Can break the hydrogen bond and alter the physical properties of water
Dissociation
Compounds become dissociated as in separated into their ions
Salinity
A measure of the mass of salts dissolved in seawater
Desalination
Process of salts being removed from seawater
Aqueous
Water with dissolve substances are called an aqueous solution
Capillarity
Rising of liquids
Intermolecular force
Can hold together identical particles
Adhesion
Describes the force of attraction between molecules that are different
Cohesion
Describes the force of attraction between identical molecules
Molarity
Is the number of moles of a solute dissolved in 1 L of solution this is also called the molar concentration
Solvent
Able to dissolve other substances
Hard water
Water that has high mineral content
Dilute
Make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it
Concentration
Present it in a high proportion relative to other substances
Insoluble
Incapable of being dissolved
Electrolytes
An electrolyte is a substance that ionizes when dissolved in suitable ionizing solvents such as water.
Like dissolves like
Like molecules are considered soluble. The term insoluble is given to substances that will only does also having another substance
Physical factors that affect solubility
Temperature can increase the rate in the amount of solute dissolved. Pressure increases the amount of gas solute dissolved.
Solubility of a solid
Increases as temperature increases
Solubility of a gas
Decreases as temperature increases
How is water a polar molecule
Because of the V-shaped of the water molecule the two sides become obsolete charged
