Water Resources Flashcards
What is the “Water Budget Equation” and use it to explain the fall of the Aral Sea.
The water budget equation is a method used to analyze the inflow, outflow, and changes in water storage of a particular system. It can be represented as: Inflow - Outflow ± Changes in Storage = 0. In the case of the Aral Sea, the fall of the sea can be explained using this equation. Historically, the Aral Sea received water from two main sources: the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. However, due to extensive irrigation projects diverting water from these rivers for agriculture, the inflow of water into the Aral Sea drastically decreased. Additionally, increased evaporation due to higher temperatures and reduced surface area led to higher outflow. These factors caused a significant negative change in storage, resulting in the drastic shrinking and desiccation of the Aral Sea.
In what region of the United States are water resources analogous to those of the Aral Sea? Briefly explain
how the two are similar.
The region of the United States with water resources analogous to those of the Aral Sea is the Colorado River Basin. Both the Aral Sea and the Colorado River Basin have experienced significant water diversion for agricultural irrigation and human consumption, leading to reduced inflow into their respective water bodies. Additionally, both regions have faced increased water demand due to population growth and economic development. The resulting decrease in water levels and drying of water bodies in both regions has led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and socio-economic impacts on local communities.
How do we commonly measure the quantity of “Renewable Fresh Water Resources” in a region and how is this quantification used to determine ‘Water Scarcity’?
Renewable freshwater resources in a region are commonly measured using indicators such as total annual precipitation, surface water runoff, and groundwater recharge. These measurements provide an estimate of the amount of water that can be naturally replenished within a given period. Water scarcity is determined by comparing the availability of renewable freshwater resources to the water demand of a region’s population and economy. When water demand exceeds the sustainable supply of renewable resources, water scarcity occurs. This can be quantified using indicators such as the Water Stress Index, which compares water withdrawals to renewable resources, or the Falkenmark Indicator, which assesses water availability per capita. Regions facing high water scarcity may experience water shortages, competition for water resources, and socio-economic challenges related to water access and management.
