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PLE 2014: Biochem by kachMD > Water & pH > Flashcards

Water & pH Flashcards

1
Q

What is the property of water where its electrical charge is distributed asymmetrically about its structure?

A

Dipole

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2
Q

What property of water is responsible for its ability to decrease the force of attraction between charged and polar species?

A

Its HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

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3
Q

Water decreases the force of attraction between what species?

A

CHARGED and POLAR species

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4
Q

Of what significance is water’s high dielectric constant?

A

It decreases the force of attraction between POLAR and CHARGED species

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5
Q

What property of water is responsible for its ability to bind interact with an unshared electron pair on another SULFUR, OXYGEN, or NITROGEN atom?

A

Water can form HYDROGEN BONDS

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6
Q

What elements can form hydrogen bonds?

A

OXYGEN, SULFUR and NITROGEN

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7
Q

How many HYDROGEN BONDS can each molecule of liquid molecule associate with?

A

3.5 others

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds formed by water are relatively weak with a half-life of what?

A

1 microsecond or less

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9
Q

What property of water is responsible for its ability to cleave AMIDE, ESTER or GLYCOSIDIC bonds?

A

Water is an excellent NUCLEOPHILE

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10
Q

What property of water is responsible for its ability to cleave bonds that hold biopolymers together?

A

Water is an excellent NUCLEOPHILE

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11
Q

Nucleophilic attack by water will cleave what kind of bonds?

A

AMIDE, ESTER and GLYCOSIDIC bonds that hold BIOPOLYMERS together.

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12
Q

What does water dissociate into?

A

HYDRONIUM and HYDROXIDE ions.

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13
Q

Define AMPHOTERIC

A

It acts as both an acid and a base.

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14
Q

Define AMPHIPATHIC

A

It has hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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15
Q

What property of water is responsible for its ability to be both an acid and a base?

A

Water is AMPHOTERIC.

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16
Q

What does it mean that water is AMPHOTERIC?

A

It acts as both an acid and a base.

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17
Q

Define pH

A
  • It is the negative log of the HYDROGEN ION concentration

- measure of acidity or alkalinity

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18
Q

What is the normal pH of blood?

A

7.35 - 7.45

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19
Q

What determines the pH of blood?

A

CO2 and HCO3

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20
Q

ACIDS: proton donors or acceptors?

A

Acids are proton donors

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21
Q

BASES: proton donors or acceptors?

A

Bases are proton acceptors

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22
Q

ACIDS: high or low pH? pKa?

A

LOW pH & LOW pKa

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23
Q

BASES: high or low pH? pKa?

A

HIGH pH & HIGH pKa

24
Q

ACID OR BASE: low pH & low pKa

A

ACID

25
Q

ACID OR BASE: high pH & high pKa

A

BASE

26
Q

Causes of HAGMA

A 
"MUDPILES"
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde pr Propylene glycol
Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis (Sepsis, Shock)
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
27
Q

What is used to calculate the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base?

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

28
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbach equation useful for?

A
  • titration of amino acids
  • predicting shifts in the bicarbonate system
  • predicting distribution of drugs
29
Q

What is used to calculate the titration of amino acids?

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

30
Q

What is used to predict shifts in the bicarbonate system?

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

31
Q

What is used to predict distribution of drugs?

A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

32
Q

At what pH is a substance PROTONATED?

A

pH < pKa

33
Q

At what pH is a substance DEPROTONATED?

A

pH > pKa

34
Q

ACID or BASE: a substance is PROTONATED and UNCHARGED at pH < pKa?

A

ACID

35
Q

ACID or BASE: a substance is PROTONATED and CHARGED at pH < pKa?

A

BASE

36
Q

ACID or BASE: a substance is DEPROTONATED and CHARGED at pH > pKa?

A

ACID

37
Q

ACID or BASE: a substance is DEPROTONATED and UNCHARGED at pH > pKa?

A

BASE

38
Q

What is the pH if an ACID is PROTONATED and UNCHARGED?

A

pH < pKa

39
Q

What is the pH if a BASE is PROTONATED and CHARGED?

A

pH < pKa

40
Q

What is the pH if an ACID is DEPROTONATED and CHARGED?

A

pH > pKa

41
Q

What is the pH if a BASE is DEPROTONATED and UNCHARGED?

A

pH > pKa

42
Q

What is a buffer?

A

It is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base that can resist a change in pH when protons are produced or consumed.

43
Q

At what pH does maximum buffering occur?

A

+/- 1 pH unit from pKa

44
Q

What is the most important extracellular physiologic buffer?

A

Bicarbonate

45
Q

What is the most important intracellular physiologic buffer?

A

Proteins

46
Q

What is a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base that can resist a change in pH when protons are produced or consumed?

A

Buffers

47
Q

Name 3 examples of physiologic buffers. Intracellular or extracellular?

A
  1. ) Bicarbonate - extracellular
  2. ) Proteins - intracellular
  3. ) Orthophosphate
48
Q

Why is water is a universal solvent?

A

Its HIGH DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

49
Q

What property of water means its charge is distributed asymmetrically about its structure?

A

Water is a DIPOLE

50
Q

What percentage of body weight is water?

A

60%

51
Q

What percentage of body weight is extracellular? Of total body water?

A

20% body weight

1/3 of the total body water

52
Q

What percentage of body weight is intracellular? Of total body water?

A

40% body weight

2/3 of the total body water

53
Q

What percentage of body weight is the interstitial fluid?

A

15%

54
Q

What percentage of body weight is blood plasma?

A

5%

55
Q 
ER CASE of a 56/M
CC: disorientation
- fruity odor
- CBG = 512 mg/dL
What acid-base disorder will most likely be seen in the ABG?
A

High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

56
Q

What is the pH where 50% of species become DEPROTONATED?

A

pKa

PLE 2014: Biochem by kachMD (11 decks)

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