Water On The Land

Question 1

Name four features the upper course of the river has

Answer 1

V shaped valley
Vertical erosion
Lots of energy
Erodes down
Source 
Waterfall 
Gorge 
Interlocking Spurs

Question 2

Name 3 features of a middle course

Answer 2

Medium valley
Lateral erosion
Transports the load
Flood plain 
Ox bow lake 
Meander 
Slip off slope

Question 3

Name 3 features of the lower course

Answer 3

Large valley 
Flood plain
Mouth 
Estuary 
Delta

Question 4

What is hydraulic action

Answer 4

The sheer force of the water

Question 5

What is abrasion

Answer 5

The rivers load bashing against the river bed

Question 6

What is attrition

Answer 6

The load bashing against each other

Question 7

What is solution in terms of erosion

Answer 7

Water dissolving particles of the rivers load

Question 8

What is traction

Answer 8

Large boulders moving along the river bed

Question 9

What is saltation

Answer 9

Pebbles bouncing along the river bed

Question 10

What is suspension

Answer 10

Small particles of mud in water this is what gives it it’s brown colour

Question 11

What is solution in terms of transportation

Answer 11

Minerals being dissolved into the water and carried that way

Question 12

What type of rock is at the top of a waterfall

Answer 12

More resistant rock

Question 13

What type of rock is lower than the more resistant rock

Answer 13

Less resistant rock

Question 14

What topples over in a water fall to cause the formation of a gorge

Answer 14

An overhang

Question 15

What does hydraulic action cause in a water fall

Answer 15

The plunge pool

Question 16

What features are on the inside of a meander

Answer 16

Slip off slopes
Slow flooding
Leads to deposition

Question 17

What features are located at the outside of a meander

Answer 17

River cliff
Lateral erosion
Fast flowing

Question 18

How does a swan neck meander form

Answer 18

Tight meander
Erosion tightens it
A new channel forms
Deposition occurs leaving silt at the edges of the former route

Question 19

What forms a bank at a levee

Answer 19

The deposition of silt due to frequent floods

Question 20

On a hydrograph what is the lag time

Answer 20

The difference between peak rain fall and peak discharge

Question 21

On a hydrograph what does the bar chart show

Answer 21

The amount of rain

Question 22

On a hydrograph what does the line graph represent

Answer 22

The discharge measured in meters^3 per second

Question 23

Name four out of an available 7 factors increasing the likelihood of a flood

Answer 23

Any from:
Previous conditions (frozen)
Relief
Precipitation 
Deforestation
The building of impermeable surfaces 
Temperature 
Rock type

Question 24

Name the four social effects of a flood

Answer 24

Death
Disease
Damage 
Disruption 
(The four D's)

Question 25

Name the four environmental impacts of a flood

Answer 25

Landslides
Loss of habitat
Loss of crops
Contamination

Question 26

Name three hard engineering methods to manage flooding

Answer 26

Dams and reservoirs
River straightening
Artificial levées

Question 27

Name 4 soft engineering methods to manage flooding

Answer 27

Flood warnings
Preparation
Floodplain zoning
Nothing

Question 28

Which area is in need of water the most in the UK

Answer 28

The south they are in an area of water deficit or stress

Question 29

What are the two positive economic impacts of a resevoir

Answer 29

Creates jobs

Produces electricity

Question 30

What is a negative economic impact of a resevoir

Answer 30

The Initial cost

Question 31

Social impacts of a resevoir

Answer 31

Recreation
Reduces spread of disease
Flood protection

Question 32

How are habitats effected by a resevoir

Answer 32

Initially damaged but later reservoirs can be used to build new habitats