Water On The Land Flashcards
Name four features the upper course of the river has
V shaped valley Vertical erosion Lots of energy Erodes down Source Waterfall Gorge Interlocking Spurs
Name 3 features of a middle course
Medium valley Lateral erosion Transports the load Flood plain Ox bow lake Meander Slip off slope
Name 3 features of the lower course
Large valley Flood plain Mouth Estuary Delta
What is hydraulic action
The sheer force of the water
What is abrasion
The rivers load bashing against the river bed
What is attrition
The load bashing against each other
What is solution in terms of erosion
Water dissolving particles of the rivers load
What is traction
Large boulders moving along the river bed
What is saltation
Pebbles bouncing along the river bed
What is suspension
Small particles of mud in water this is what gives it it’s brown colour
What is solution in terms of transportation
Minerals being dissolved into the water and carried that way
What type of rock is at the top of a waterfall
More resistant rock
What type of rock is lower than the more resistant rock
Less resistant rock
What topples over in a water fall to cause the formation of a gorge
An overhang
What does hydraulic action cause in a water fall
The plunge pool
What features are on the inside of a meander
Slip off slopes
Slow flooding
Leads to deposition
What features are located at the outside of a meander
River cliff
Lateral erosion
Fast flowing
How does a swan neck meander form
Tight meander
Erosion tightens it
A new channel forms
Deposition occurs leaving silt at the edges of the former route
What forms a bank at a levee
The deposition of silt due to frequent floods
On a hydrograph what is the lag time
The difference between peak rain fall and peak discharge
On a hydrograph what does the bar chart show
The amount of rain
On a hydrograph what does the line graph represent
The discharge measured in meters^3 per second
Name four out of an available 7 factors increasing the likelihood of a flood
Any from: Previous conditions (frozen) Relief Precipitation Deforestation The building of impermeable surfaces Temperature Rock type
Name the four social effects of a flood
Death Disease Damage Disruption (The four D's)
Name the four environmental impacts of a flood
Landslides
Loss of habitat
Loss of crops
Contamination
Name three hard engineering methods to manage flooding
Dams and reservoirs
River straightening
Artificial levées
Name 4 soft engineering methods to manage flooding
Flood warnings
Preparation
Floodplain zoning
Nothing
Which area is in need of water the most in the UK
The south they are in an area of water deficit or stress
What are the two positive economic impacts of a resevoir
Creates jobs
Produces electricity
What is a negative economic impact of a resevoir
The Initial cost
Social impacts of a resevoir
Recreation
Reduces spread of disease
Flood protection
How are habitats effected by a resevoir
Initially damaged but later reservoirs can be used to build new habitats
