Water Managment

Question 1

Describe dams and reservoirs

Answer 1

Naturally occurring valleys are damned = so the river floods the valley and water is trapped till it’s needed

Question 2

Advantages of dams and reservoirs

Answer 2

• dams control the river flow and can reduce risk of flooding downstream
• electricity can be generated using the the dam through hydroelectric power

Question 3

Disadvantages of dams and reservoirs

Answer 3

• some villages and towns must be flooded to create the reservoir meaning locals lose their homes
• reservoirs can lose water from its surface through evaporation
  = makes them unsuitable for hot climates

Question 4

Describe a water transfer scheme

Answer 4

Water can be transported from areas of large supply to areas of large demand

Question 5

Adv of water schemes

Answer 5

• supplies large urban cities where there isn’t room to build large reservoirs
• for countries with rue plus water supply water trade can be very profitable

Question 6

Disadvantage of water schemes

Answer 6

• very expensive to construct
• risk of leakages
  = would waste water and lose money as pipelines can be hundreds of km long
  = hard to find where leak is

Question 7

Impacts of water insecurity

Answer 7

• water borne diseases
  = such as cholera and typhoid
  = occur when pollution contaminated water source used for drinking
• impact food and agriculture
  = as crops need to be irrigated and cattle hydrated

Question 8

Define water security

Answer 8

To have a clean, reliable source of water that meets demand throughout the year

Question 9

Define water surplus

Answer 9

Water supply exceeds the demand

Question 10

Define Water deficit

Answer 10

Wats supply is less than demand

Question 11

Define water stress

Answer 11

There could be a large enough volume of water to meet demand, but not enough clean good quality water available or water is inaccessible

Question 12

Causes of water insecurity

Answer 12

• if water source contaminated or polluted
• locals can’t clean the water before drinking it

Question 13

Strategies to increase water supply

Answer 13

• dams and reservoirs
• water transfer schemes
• desalination

Question 14

Describe Water conservation

Answer 14

• easy and cheap strategy to reduce demand for clean water
• reduce waste water
• encourage less water usage
• use grey water

Question 15

Sustainable water management strategies

Answer 15

• groundwater management
• recycling

Question 16

Describe groundwater management

Answer 16

Using laws to manage the number of water pumps to reduce risk of over extraction from aquifers

Question 17

Advantages of groundwater management

Answer 17

• reduce risk of water being consumed and not replaced naturally
• reduces risk of contamination
  = the lower the water levels in aquifers, the higher the risk of salt or pollution contamination

Question 18

Disadvantages of groundwater management

Answer 18

• some people ignore laws and continue to extract water illegally
• if too few pumps, water could be sold at an unfair price
  = increase water inequality

Question 19

Factors that affect water stress

Answer 19

• population density
  = measure of how many people live per area of land
  = if region has low population density demand for water park area is low
• amount of rain that falls isn’t the same everywhere
  = instead Precipitation levels are high in Scotland and along West of England and low in South east

Question 20

How does the UK government reduce water stress

Answer 20

• increase amount of clean water again or in areas of low rainfall
• reducing waste and improving water efficiency of households
• monitor and protect clean water supplies from pollution

Question 21

Uses of Grey water

Answer 21

• To irrigate crops
• water plants in gardens instead of using a hose pipe