water management Flashcards
explain why there is inadequate fresh water for human population ?
- 68% of freshwater is underground and inaccessible
- 96% of the water from oceans is saline
- some of the water is frozen
- water from lakes are a habitat for marine animals therefore the water is polluted / impure
portable water ?
clean / pure water that can be consumed
saline water ?
water that contains salt ( sea / ocean )
explain the meaning of water rich and water poor .
water rich = surplus
water poor = extreme scarcity
5 water rich countries
Australia
Madagascar
greenland
Mexico
argentina
5 water poor countries
Egypt
Morocco
algeria
Tunisia
libya
explain the main difference between areas that are water rich and water poor
water poor mostly in deserts
most of the water rich countries have 4 seasons
water rich have access to rivers , lakes , streams
water poor areas have very less access to areas with water making it very dry
evaporation
the process in which liquid water turns into vapour , the opposite of condensation
condensation
the prices in which water vapour turns into liquid water , the opposite of evaporation
precipitation
the process in which liquid water ( as rain ) or ice particles ( as snow or hail ) fall to the earth due to gravity
transpiration
the movement of water up plants and its subsequent loss as water vapour from their leaves
surface run off
the process by which water runs over the ground into rivers
interception
the process by which perception is stopped from reaching the ground surface by the presence of trees and other plants
infiltration
the precess by which water seeps into the ground
groundwater flow
the process by which infiltrated water flows through rocks
through flow
the process by which infiltrated water flows through the soil
the role of vegetation
moves water from the soil to the atmosphere through a process called transpiration.
interception , it reduces soil erosion
infiltration , allows more water to be stored
how water poor countries can obtain portable water
- takes 3 hours to get water
- 40 hours getting water altogether , less time doing other things
- women and children go to get water leading to children not having an education
- the water they collect is not clean
- low income families cannot afford portable water
- less school attendance = schools shut down
solutions to the water crisis
- government areas that supply water
- children’s right to education
- increased health care in areas
- re-use water ( rain )
- developing water filtration systems
how do we obtain fresh water ?
- desalination of water
- getting water from other countries by trade
- rain water harvesting
- drilling wells and boreholes
- building dams
- water purification
desalination
removal of salt from water
reverse osmosis
pressure Is applied to the salt water that pushes the water through a semi permeable membrane leaving fresh water which is then cleaned with chlorinated acid and calcium carbonate while the rest is sent back into the sea
benefits of dams
- controls flooding
- conducts electricity
- filters the water
risks of dams
- if it bursts millions of people will be in danger
- unclean water infiltrating clean water bodies
- too much water in the dams
