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Top Ops Distribution Grades 3 & 4 > Water Distribution Grades 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Water Distribution Grades 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

If a water system collects at least 40 samples per month for analysis of total coliforms, what percentage of total coliform positive samples are acceptable for the system to remain in compliance with the maximum contaminant level for total coliforms?
a. No more than 2%
b. No more than 3%
c. No more than 4%
d. No more than 5%

A

d. No more than 5%

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2
Q

Water systems are required to achieve at least _____ removal and/or inactivation of viruses between a point where raw water is not subject to recontamination by surface water and a point downstream before, or at the first customer.
a. 2-log
b. 2.5-log
c. 3-log
d. 4-log

A

d. 4-log

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3
Q

Continuous chlorine residual monitoring is required where the water enters the distribution system under the Surface Water Treatment Rule when the
a. population served is greater than the 3,300 people.
b. population served is greater than 10,000 people.
c. number of taps is greater than 1,000 people.
d. number of taps in less than 2,500 people.

A

a. population served is greater than 3,300 people.

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4
Q

A community water system must post the Consumer Confidence Report on a publicly accessible website if it serves more than
a. 10,000 people.
b. 25,000 people.
c. 50,000 people.
d. 100,000 people.

A

d. 100,000 people.

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5
Q

Public water systems that cannot meet the required removal of total organic compounds (TOCs) can comply if their source-water TOC level is _____, calculated quarterly as a running annual average.
a. less than 1.0 mg/L
b. less than 2.0 mg/L
c. less than 2.5 mg/L
d. less than 5.0 mg/L

A

b. less than 2.0 mg/L

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6
Q

The Surface Water Treatment Rule does not specify which of the following treatment technology?
a. Conventional filtration
b. Membranes
c. Slow sand filtration
d. Chloramine disinfection

A

d. Chloramine disinfection

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7
Q

A regulated organic contaminant concentration that exceeds the MCL
is a Tier 1 violation requiring public notification within 24 hours.
b. is a Tier 2 violation requiring public notification within 30 days.
c. is a Tier 3 violation requiring public notification within 10 months.
d. does not require public notification.

A

b. is a Tier 2 violation requiring public notification within 30 days.

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8
Q

A water system using conventional filtration treatment does not have to use enhanced coagulation to achieve the total organic carbon (TOC) percent removal if
a. the total trihalomethanes running annual average is lee than or equal to 0.030 mg/L.
b. the sum of haloacetic acids is less than or equal to 0.040 mg/L.
c. the treated water quarterly running average TOC is less than 4.0 mg/L.
d. the treated water quarterly running average TOC is less than 2.0 mg/L.

A

d. the treated water quarterly running average TOC is less than 2.0 mg/L.

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9
Q

Operators must balance satisfying regulations on the amount of certain chlorinated organic compounds with
a. controlling water hardness.
b. meeting disinfection limits.
c. keeping turbidity below 0.1 ntu.
d. reducing iron levels below the MCL.

A

b. meeting disinfection limits.

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10
Q

Regulations that govern the US water supply and treatment are developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s primary standards under what act?

A

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)

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11
Q

What term refers to the highest level of a disinfectant that is allowed in drinking water?

A

Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL)

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11
Q

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency’s primary drinking water standards, what is the maximum contaminant level for alpha particles?

A

1.5 pCi/L

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12
Q

What is the maximum contaminant level for arsenic?

A

10 ug/L

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12
Q

What is plotted on the horizontal scale (x-axis) of a pump curve?
a. Efficiency
b. Capacity (flow rate)
c. Total head
d. Power

A

b. Capacity (flow rate)

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13
Q

The ____ is the outlet, or high-pressure side of a pump.
a. suction side
b. flow gauge
c. piezometer
d. discharge side

A

d. discharge side

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14
Q

What is the term for the amount of energy used by water moving from one location to another?

A

Head loss

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15
Q

What is the formula for calculating chlorine demand?

A

Chlorine Demand, mg/L = Chlorine Dosage, mg/L - Chlorine Residual, mg/L

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16
Q

How is wire-to-water efficiency obtained?

A

By Multiplying the Motor and Pump Efficiencies together.

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17
Q

What is the formula to convert milligrams-to-liter concentration to pounds per day?

A

Feed Rate, lbs/day = Dosage x Flow Rate x Conversion Factor

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18
Q

Which type of distribution system configuration has smaller mains that generally terminate as dead ends?
a. Grid system
b. Dendritic system
c. Arterial-loop system
d. Tree system

A

Tree system

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18
Q

The pressure during fire flow conditions should NOT drop below
a. 15 psi
b. 20 psi
c. 25 psi
d. 30 psi

A

b. 20 psi

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19
Q

How many times higher than the normal operating pressure should the pressure rating of distribution system piping be?
a. 1.0 - 2.0 times
b. 2.5 - 4.0 times
c. 4.0 - 5.0 times
d. 5.0 - 7.0 times

A

b. 2.5 - 4.0 times

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20
Q

Regarding fire flow, mains smaller than 6 inch should be used only
a. in residential areas.
b. in low-value districts.
c. in rural areas.
d. to complete a grid.

A

d. to complete a grid.

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21
Q

What is the commonly accepted water velocity in water mains at maximum flow?
a. 1 - 3 ft/sec
b. 2 - 4 ft/sec
c. 4 - 5 ft/sec
d. 5 - 6 ft/sec

A

b. 2 - 4 ft/sec

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22
Q

The size and capacity of a distribution system is based largely on
a. peak hour customer demand.
b. fire flow demand.
c. agricultural demand.
d. industrial demand.

A

b. fire flow demand.

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23
Q

A(n) _____ layout centers around a single arterial main, which decreases in size, with length.
a. arterial-loop system
b. tree system
c. rural system
d. grid system

A

b. tree system

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23
Q

What type of water system uses wells, springs, or infiltration galleries as its source supply?

A

Groundwater system

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24
Q

What type of water system is established to serve widely spaced homes and communities in areas having no available groundwater or having water of very poor quality?

A

Rural water system

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25
Q

In what type of water distribution layout are all ends of the mains connected to eliminate dead-ends?

A

Grid system

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26
Q

What is the term for the water use during the 24 hours of the highest demand during the year?

A

Maximum day demand

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27
Q

Although velocity head can usually be ignored, it should be considered when it is _____ to _____ percent of the pressure head.
a. 1 to 2
b. 3 to 4
c. 5 to 8
d. 5 to 10

A

a. 1 to 2

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27
Q

As the normal head in a system increases, the volume that a centrifugal pump delivers is reduced
a. directly.
b. indirectly.
c. proportionately.
d. disproportionately.

A

c. proportionately.

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28
Q

Water behind a dam and above a water treatment plant has energy by virtue of its elevation. This difference in elevation is called elevation head or
a. kinetic energy.
b. velocity head.
c. potential energy.
d. pressure head.

A

c. potential energy.

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28
Q

Which type of distribution system configuration has interconnected mains?
a. Grid system
b. Dendritic system
c. Arterial-loop system
d. Tree system

A

a. Grid system

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29
Q

Hydraulics is the study of
a. fluid pressure in pipes or conduits.
b. the force of fluids in motion.
c. the pressure of fluids in motion.
d. fluids in motion and at rest.

A

d. fluids in motion and at rest.

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30
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause for surges in the distribution system?
a. Power failure shutting down a pump suddenly
b. Valves opening and closing
c. Failure of flow on pressure regulation
d. Pump startup

A

a. Power failure shutting down a pump suddenly

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31
Q

_____ is the speed at which water moves and is measured in ft/sec or m/sec.
a. Pressure
b. Head
c. Friction
d. Velocity

A

d. Velocity

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32
Q

System operators should take care to avoid creating _____ by always operating valves slowly.
a. head loss
b. water hammer
c. friction
d. sedimentation

A

b. water hammer

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33
Q

What type of pressure exists in water, although the water does not flow?

A

Static pressure

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34
Q

When converting US pipe sizes, what is considered the metric equivalent of 0.25 in.?

A

8 mm

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35
Q

What is the formula for calculating the quantity of water that flows through a pipe?

A

Q = A x V or Quantity of Water = Cross-Sectional Area of Pipe x Velocity of Flow

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36
Q

What are the basic components of every telemetry system?
a. Transmitter, signal, receiver, and indicator
b. Transmitter, receiver, and indicator
c. Transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver
d. Sensor, transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver

A

c. Transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver

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37
Q

Most telemetry equipment transmits information by
a. digital signals.
b. analog signals.
c. audio signals.
d. electrical signals.

A

a. digital signals.

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38
Q

Control systems consist of which of the following distinct components?
a. Signal conditioners and control elements
b. Signal conditioners, actuators, and control elements
c. Signal conditioners, actuators, control elements, and indicators
d. Sensors, signal conditioners, actuators, control elements, and indicators

A

b. Signal conditioners, actuators, and control elements

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39
Q

Which type of temperature sensor uses a semiconductive material?
a. Thermistor
b. Thermoresistor
c. Thermocouple
d. Thermoconductor

A

a. Thermistor

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40
Q

SCADA systems consist of which of the following distinct components?
a. Remote Terminal units (RTUs), communications, and Human Machine Interface (HMI)
b. Sensing instruments, RTUs, communications, and HMI
c. Sensing instruments, RTUs, communications, master station, and HMI
d. RTUs, communications, master station, and HMI

A

d. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), communications, master station, and Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

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41
Q

What is the electrical standard range?
a. 4 - 20 mA DC
b. 4 - 20 mA AC
c. 0 - 100%
d. 0 - 1 binary

A

a. 4 - 20 mA DC

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42
Q

In what type of system control, is control achieved entirely by machines or computers, without human intervention, under normal conditions?

A

Automatic control

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43
Q

In what type of system control, is control achieved by a person operating the switches and levers to control equipment from the physical location of the equipment?

A

Direct manual control

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44
Q

What term refers to the type of signal in which the electromotive force varies as the parameters being measured varies?

A

Voltage

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45
Q

What device consists of a coil of wire that moves when a current is passed through it, activating mechanical levers or switches?

A

Solenoid

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46
Q

What is the term for a technique of monitoring several instruments over a single communications channel with a receiver that periodically asks each instrument to send current status?

A

Polling

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47
Q

Which system would provide for a “soft-start” to a motor?
a. Wound-rotor induction motor and a controller
b. Synchronous motor and variable-frequency controller
c. A variable frequency drive and a squirrel-cage induction motor
d. Squirrel-cage induction drive and a variable-frequency drive

A

a. Wound-rotor induction motor and a controller

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47
Q

The current draw by a motor the instant it is connected to the power source, called locked-rotor current, is usually _____ times the normal full-load current of the motor.
a. 1.5 to 2
b. 2 to 3
c. 3 to 5
d. 5 to 10

A

d. 5 to 10

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48
Q

Which type of relay is placed on each phase of a power supply to open a control circuit and stop a motor, if the current becomes excessive?
a. Thermal-overload relay
b. Frequency relay
c. Voltage relay
d. Differential relay

A

a. Thermal-overload relay

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49
Q

Which type of relay is frequently used to detect power loss and initiate a switchover to another power source?
a. Loss-of-phase relay
b. Voltage relay
c. Frequency relay
d. Circuit breaker relay

A

b. Voltage relay

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50
Q

Which type of relay is frequently used on large equipment to check whether all the current entering a system comes back out of the system?
a. Voltage relay
b. Overcurrent relay
c. Reverse-current relay
d. Differential relay

A

d. Differential relay

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50
Q

Which type of relay is often used where local power generation is involved and on synchronous motor starters to sense when the motor has reached synchronizing speed?
a. Speed sensor
b. Differential relay
c. Frequency relay
d. Voltage relay

A

c. Frequency relay

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51
Q

Which of the following is NOT an approach to improving a motor’s power factor?
a. Using capacitors
b. Changing the motor type
c. Changing the motor loading
d. Decreasing the size of power lines and transformers

A

d. Decreasing the size of power lines and transformers

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52
Q

Some phase imbalance occurs in any three-phase circuit, but it should not generally exceed what percentage?

A

5 percent

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53
Q

What are three approaches to lowering the cost of power use?

A
  • Increasing system efficiency
  • Spreading the pumping load out more evenly throughout the day
  • Reducing the power-factor charges
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54
Q

What is the highest power factor possible for a motor?

A

1.0

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55
Q

Where should fire extinguishers be kept?

A

Close at hand and ready for use

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56
Q

What is the principal cause of motor failure in three-phase pumps?

A

Phase imbalance

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57
Q

Where ground frost is expected, the riser pipes in a meter pit should be at least how far away from any wall of the meter box to prevent freezing?
a. 1 to 2 inches
b. 2 to 4 inches
c. 4 to 6 inches
d. 6 to 8 inches

A

a. 1 to 2 inches

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58
Q

What is the main purpose(s) of a meter yoke?
a. Provides cushion against stress
b. Provides cushion against stress and strain
c. Provides electrical conductivity
d. Provides proper alignment and support for the meter

A

d. Provides proper alignment and support for the meter

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59
Q

Large meters are usually tested at what percentage of their operating range?
a. 5 to 10%
b. 10 to 20%
c. 20 to 25%
d. 25 to 33%

A

a. 5 to 10%

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60
Q

When installing a meter, it should be positioned _____ for optimal performance.
a. in a horizontal plane
b. diagonal to the ground
c. away from the house
d. facing downward toward the ground

A

a. in a horizontal plane

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61
Q

Registers record the flow of water in
a. pounds per square inch.
b. cubic meters.
c. gallons or cubic feet.
d. feet.

A

c. gallons or cubic feet.

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62
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered an installation detail that should be standardized?
a. The minimum access space required for reading and servicing meters
b. Days of the week on which the meter may be read
c. Minimum and Maximum heights for the meter above the floor
d. The required type of valve before and after the meter

A

b. Days of the week on which the meter may be read

63
Q

What is the term for the part of the meter that displays the volume of water that has flowed through the meter?

A

Register

64
Q

Ideally, where should a meter be located?

A
  • The meter should be located immediately after the point where the service pipe enters through the floor or wall
  • If meters are to be read directly, the location must be kept relatively clear to allow convenient reading
  • If meters are to be furnished with remote reading devices, the location should still allow for reasonable access
65
Q

Stray-current corrosion is caused by
a. corrosive soils.
b. acid soils.
c. alternating currents.
d. direct currents.

A

d. direct currents.

65
Q

Sacrificial anodes are also called
a. corrosion anodes.
b. corrosion cells.
c. galvanic anodes.
d. decaying anodes.

A

c. galvanic anodes.

66
Q

Which of the following methods for preventing external corrosion is only aa short-term remedy?
a. Specifying extra thickness for pipe walls
b. Wrapping pipe in polyethylene plastic sleeves
c. Applying a coating of bitumastic or coal tar
d. Installing cathodic protection on the pipe

A

a. Specifying extra thickness for pipe walls

67
Q

In _____, air from a compressor is mixed with water and flushed through mains of less than 4-inches in diameter.
a. slugging
b. pigging
c. backflowing
d. air purging

A

d. air purging

68
Q

After flushing mains, nozzle caps should be tightened to the point that

A

unauthorized persons cannot remove them by hand.

69
Q

What are the methods for leak detection?

A
  • Listening surveys
  • Correlation method
  • Statistical noise analyzer
70
Q

What would be the best strategy when dealing with a distribution system with positive coliform test results?

A

Use a well-planned directional flushing program to restore chlorine residuals, then retest to determine if additional steps (shock disinfection) may be necessary

71
Q

What is the term for a condition in which a pump, boiler, or other equipment produces a pressure greater than the water supply?

A

Backpressure

72
Q

What is the term for a corrosion condition created when two different metals are connected and immersed in an electrolyte, such as water?

A

Galvanic cell

73
Q

What are some changes that may occur in a distribution system to reduce (or increase) pressure and flow to an unacceptable level?

A
  • System expansion that does not provide an additional feeder main
  • New water lines installed at elevations higher or lower than the original system
  • Additional customer services added to existing mains
  • Unintentionally closed or partially closed valves
  • Undetected leaks in mains or services
  • Changes to water storage tanks
  • Reductions in pipe capacity due to corrosion, pitting, tuberculation, sediment deposits, or slime growth
74
Q

The radiation term corresponding to an energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of any medium is called a(n)
a. rad.
b. rem.
c. curie.
d. erg.

A

a. rad.

75
Q

In reference to the multiple-tube fermentation or membrane filter test, any sample that does not contain coliform bacterial is said to be
a. negative.
b. neutral.
c. undefined.
d. positive.

A

a. negative.

76
Q

Which of the following is a technique used to measure the concentration of organic compounds in water?
a. MMO - MUG technique
b. Gas chromatograph
c. Presence - Absence broth (P-A) test
d. Membrane filter test

A

b. Gas chromatograph

77
Q

When receiving a customer complaint about water quality, which of the following is a good approach for customers who are in a highly emotional state?
a. Let your customers know that you are already aware of the problem and your service has initiated action
b. Tell the customer to call back after calming down
c. Ask the customer to collect a sample and send it to your facility with expedited delivery
d. Obtain the customer’s name and address at the beginning of the discussion

A

d. Obtain the customer’s name and address at the beginning of the discussion

78
Q

What is the waiting period to receive a coliform test result?

A

24 hours is generally needed for incubation, but some tests may be completed in 18 hours

79
Q

How can the chlorine residual decrease when more chlorine is added to a water sample?

A

If ammonia is present, chloramines form, increasing the residual; as more is added, these chloramines are partially destroyed until the breakpoint is reached an residual rises again

80
Q

Why cant samples be preserved for delayed determination of pH?

A

The value changes, so field tests are needed for accurate results

81
Q

What is the third major step of the multiple-tube fermentation method?

A

Completed test

82
Q

How long does the N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) test kit take to complete?

A

Approximately 5 minutes

83
Q

Data manipulation using the basic elements of an automatic mapping/facility mapping/geographic information system (AM/FM/GIS) would include
a. collection and storage.
b. collection and management.
c. modeling and analysis.
d. retrieval, display, and storage.

A

c. modeling and analysis.

84
Q

Which data category for water utility data sets includes the following map layers; control information, planimetric information, and hydrological features?
a. Land records data
b. Natural resources data
c. Water shed resources data
d. Base data

A

d. Base data

85
Q

A _____ is used to communicate field information back to the main office and to order materials, organize field crews, and obtain easements.
a. material safety data sheet
b. facility memorandum
c. work order
d. record of activity

A

c. work order

86
Q

Which data management system is best suited to activities that are not time sensitive or mission critical?
a. Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
b. Automated Mapping/Facility Management System (AM/FM)
c. Decision support system
d. Operational support system

A

a.. Geographical Information System (GIS)

87
Q

In a typical water utility data set, property boundaries, easements, and rights-of-ways’ are examples of
a. base data.
b. land records data.
c. facilities and distribution systems data. d. transportation network data.

A

b. land records data.

88
Q

What is the general term for an organized, typically computerized, way for a utility to keep track of its maintenance needs?
a. Customer information system
b. Laboratory information management system
c. Maintenance management system
d. Geographical information system

A

c. Maintenance management system

89
Q

What are the main elements of most AM/FM/GIS databases?

A
  • SCADA
  • maintenance
  • outage management
  • work management
  • emergency response
  • engineering and design
  • laboratory management
89
Q

What is the common element of AM/FM/GIS databases that integrate all of the information?

A

Physical location

90
Q

What are two types of maintenance activities?

A
  • Corrective maintenance
  • Preventative maintenance
91
Q

What type of data management system collects, stores, and processes water quality information?

A

A laboratory information management program

92
Q

Which of the following is a potential biological biotoxin threat?
a. Sarin
b. Ricin
c. Tabun
d. 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate

A

b. Ricin

93
Q

The IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) value for chlorine, set by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA), is
a. 10 ppm
b. 15 ppm
c. 20 ppm
d. 25 ppm

A

a. 10 ppm

94
Q

How does hydrogen sulfide kill a person?
a. Causes asphyxiation
b. Paralyzes the respiratory system
c. Paralyzes the nervous system
d. Stops the heart

A

b. Paralyzes the respiratory system

95
Q

If sodium hypochlorite comes in contact with the skin, it should be immediately flushed with water for at least
a. 10 minutes
b. 15 minutes
c. 20 minutes
d. 30 minutes

A

b. 15 minutes

96
Q

A(n) _____ provides a step-by-step response to, and recovery from, incidents related to emergencies.
a. emergency response plan
b. vulnerability assessment
c. intrusion detection form
d. all-hazards plan

A

a. emergency response plan

97
Q

What are four types of intentional threats to drinking water systems?

A
  • Cyber threats
  • Physical threats
  • Chemical threats
  • Biological threats
98
Q

What is the term for the process of identifying , quantifying, and prioritizing (or ranking) the vulnerabilities in a system?

A

Vulnerability assessment

99
Q

Which agency developed a 21-step guide to improve cyber security of SCADA networks?

A

The US Department of Energy

100
Q

What are the three chief requirements of an intrusion detection system?

A
  • It should be suitable for physical and environmental conditions
  • it should have no gaps in coverage
  • It should present layers of protection
101
Q

Who should inspect the work of a water storage painting contractor?
a. The water utility supervisor
b. The water operator or operators responsible for the area the tank is located in
c. At least two competing painting contractors
d. A qualified third party

A

a. A qualified third party

102
Q

The most expensive part of a pipe installation is/are the
a. pipe fittings.
b. valves.
c. excavation.
d. engineer’s design.

A

c. excavation

103
Q

Where do good public relations start for a water utility?
a. With well-maintained fire hydrants
b. With meaningful advertisement
c. Via public relations campaigns
d. Through dedicated service-orientated employees

A

d. Through dedicated service-orientated employees

104
Q

One of the most important functions and the major part of the work day for a manager of a water utility or distribution system is involved in
a. organizing.
b. planning.
c. directing.
d. controlling.

A

b. planning.

105
Q

_____ is the most common problem in a workplace.
a. Miscommunication
b. Absenteeism
c. Disobedience
d. Forgetfulness

A

a. Miscommunication

106
Q

A _____ is a guideline that employees are expected to follow.
a. regulation
b. policy
c. law
d. code

A

b. policy

107
Q

How is the rate of annual breakages in a pipeline calculated?

A

Number of Breaks divided by 100 Miles of Pipeline Mains

108
Q

Some typical functions of a supervisor include

A
  • Planning
  • Budgeting
  • Organizing
  • Staffing
  • Directing
  • Encouraging
  • Communicating
  • Controlling
  • Managing time
  • Decision making
109
Q

What is the term for a financial review that comes after the budget year has been completed in which an external accounting group evaluates whether the revenues and expenditures were appropriately categorized, money was maintained in the appropriate accounts, and the revenue expenses were fully accounted for and appropriately spent?

A

Annual audit

110
Q

Which of the following is the best or first choice corrosion-control method(s) to protect pipe?
a. Use of noncorrosive metals and/or mechanical coatings
b. Chemical protective coatings
c. Electrical control by using cathodic protection
d. Use of metallic coatings such as zinc or aluminum

A

a. Use of noncorrosive metals and/or mechanical fittings

111
Q

Which type of pipe material is prestressed?
a. Steel cylinder
b. Ductile iron
c. Asbestos-cement
d. C900 PVC

A

a. Steel cylinder

112
Q

When metal is galvanized, it is coated with
a. zinc.
b. aluminum.
c. aluminum oxide.
d. aluminum hydroxide.

A

a. zinc.

113
Q

Which of the following types of pipe is most prone to sliding out of a push-on joint if not firmly restrained?
a. Asbestos-cement
b. Plastic pipe
c. Ductile-iron pipe
d. Cast-iron pipe

A

b. Plastic pipe

114
Q

How is pipe strength expressed?
a. Hydrostatic potential
b. Durability in psi
c. Tensile and flexural strength
d. Baud units

A

c. Tensile and flexural strength

115
Q

The resistance of a material to longitudinal pulling forces before it breaks is called
a. flexural strength.
b. shear strength.
c. ductile strength.
d. tensile strength.

A

d. tensile strength.

116
Q

Which of the following is a type of joint for concrete piping?
a. Expansion joint
b. Push-on joint
c. Bell-and-spigot joint
d. Flanged joint

A

c. Bell-and-spigot joint

117
Q

Polyvinyl chloride piping using solvent weld joints is most appropriate
a. only for small lines.
b. for high-pressure applications.
c. where flexibility is required.
d. where valves or fittings are to be attached.

A

a. only for small lines.

118
Q

Which type of pipe joint is available in both, bolted and boltless flexible pipe joint designs?
a. Ball-and-socket joint
b. Push-on joint
c. Grooved joint
d. Shouldered joint

A

a. Ball-and-socket joint

119
Q

How can a distribution system operator tell if a new pipe with no obvious cracks or chips is good before it is placed in the trench for installation?
a. By conducting a pressure test
b. By gently tapping the length of the pipe with a hammer
c. By attaching a sonic meter at one end and listening at the other end with headphones
d. By placing a sonic meter at one end and an oscilloscope at the other end

A

b. By gently tapping the length of the pipe with a hammer

120
Q

Which of the following is the recommended trench width for a 42-inch diameter ductile-iron pipe?
a. 58-inches
b. 60-inches
c. 66-inches
d. 72-inches

A

c. 66-inches (2 Feet Wider than the Pipe)

121
Q

The first layer of backfill if compaction is required for a newly installed pipe should come up to
a. the bottom of the pipe.
b. one-third the way to the bottom of the pipe.
c. the centerline of the pipe.
d. the top of the pipe.

A

c. the centerline of the pipe.

122
Q

If special bedding material is required by the design engineer due to poor local soil conditions, the material should not contain granular material greater than
a. 1/4 inch.
b. 3/8 inch.
c. 1/2 inch.
d. 1.0 inch.

A

d. 1.0 inch.

123
Q

What is the definition of leakage as it relates to pipeline testing?

A

Leakage is the amount of water added to a full pipeline to maintain pressure within a 5-psi range.

124
Q

When pressure testing a new pipeline, what is the usual minimum test pressure?

A

150 psi or 1.5 times the operating pressure for 30 minutes

125
Q

Flushing is usually conducted at what minimum velocity?

A

2.5 feet per second for two or three complete changes of water within the pipeline

126
Q

What are the methods for disinfecting pipelines?

A
  • Continuous feed method
  • Slug method
  • Tablet method
127
Q

How long should the chlorine contact period be before flushing and testing?

A

Usually 24 hours, but longer if unsanitary conditions are encountered

128
Q

Which type of service pipe material is no longer acceptable for drinking water?
a. Brass
b. Lead
c. Galvanized wrought iron
d. Copper

A

b. Lead

129
Q

Why should PVC pipe NOT be used when soil is contaminated with petroleum products?

A

Because these substances can soften and weaken the pipe and penetrate into the water supply

130
Q

What is the valve used to connect service lines to water mains?

A

A corporation (corp) stop usually with Muller threads

131
Q

What methods are used to thaw frozen water service lines?

A
  • Electrical (using a welder)
  • Hot water
132
Q

Who is responsible for repairing the water service lines?

A

Usually the property owner, but some utilities have that responsibility

133
Q

Which type of valve should be particularly used for throttling the flow of corrosive liquids?
a. Diaphragm valve
b. Butterfly valve
c. Gate Valve
d. Pinch valve

A

d. Pinch valve

134
Q

When a pressure-reducing and a pressure-sustaining valve are used in combination, one valve can keep a constant _____ pressure even with fluctuating demand, while the other valve holds the pressure at a minimum predetermined _____.
a. upstream; flow
b. upstream; pressure
c. downstream; flow
d. downstream; pressure

A

d. downstream; pressure

135
Q

What are cautions when using hydraulic actuators to operate pump station valves?

A

Deposits my build up in water-operated valve cylinders and prevent proper operation, and if pressure is used, operation may be inhibited under low-pressure conditions

136
Q

How should valve vaults be drained?

A

Do NOT drain to storm drains or sanitary sewer because of possible contamination; instead, it is usually advisable to drain to underground adsorption pits.

137
Q

What are some of the important concerns in fire hydrant installation?

A
  • Location
  • Footing and blocking
  • Drainage
  • Color
138
Q

What is the maximum pressure for testing for fire hydrant leaks?

A

150 psi

139
Q

When should a hydrant be repaired or replaced?

A

If it cannot be opened by one person using a standard 15-in. wrench

140
Q

How often should fire hydrants be inspected?

A

At least annually

141
Q

What operation should fire hydrant inspection include?

A

Opening the hydrant to maximum flow

142
Q

Which of the following water storage facilities are likely to contain nonpotable water?
a. Standpipe
b. Buried storage tanks
c. Emergency storage tanks
d. Elevated storage tanks using a riser; one way in and one way out

A

c. Emergency storage tanks

143
Q

What is the proper detention time for disinfecting a water storage tank with water that is mixed with hypochlorite already in the tank such that free chlorine is 10 mg/L after proper disinfection time is completed?
a. 6 hours
b. 8 hours
c. 12 hours
d. 24 hours

A

d. 24 hours

144
Q

What is the available chlorine concentration used for disinfecting a water storage tank using a method that involves spraying or painting all interior tank surfaces?
a. 50 mg/L
b. 100 mg/L
c. 200 mg/L
d. 250 mg/L

A

c. 200 mg/L

145
Q

Why are altitude valves used on water storage tanks?
a. To allow water to pass into and out of the water tank as pressure fluctuates
b. To stop the flow of water into the tank when it is full
c. To allow overflow water to flow out of the tank
d. To shut the flow of water to the tank off for maintenance and inspection

A

b. To stop the flow of water into the tank when it is full

146
Q

The height of a liquid can be raised vertically by a given pressure is called
a. pressure head.
b. total head.
c. velocity head.
d. pump head.

A

a. pressure head.

147
Q

A split-case pump has three impellers. Which type of multistage pump is this?
a. One stage
b. Two stages
c. Three stages
d. Eight stages

A

b. Two stages

148
Q

A split-case pump has two equal smaller impellers placed on either side of two equally sized large impellers. How many stages does this pump have?
a. One stage
b. Two stages
c. Three stages
d. Eight stages

A

b. Two stages

149
Q

A pump loses its prime because the suction line has an air pocket. Which of the following is the best solution?
a. Check the pump’s amperage and be sure the pump’s strainer is clean
b. Clean or repair the priming unit
c. Open suction piping air bleed-off valves
d. Check the external water seal unit

A

c. Open suction piping air bleed-off valves

150
Q

The lowest pressure point in the pump is the
a. center of the impeller.
b. outermost part of the impeller.
c. suction side of the pump.
d. discharge side of the pump.

A

a. center of the impeller.

151
Q

The shaft’s main function is to transmit _____ from the motor to the impeller.
a. centrifugal force
b. torque
c. kinetic energy
d. thrust

A

b. torque

152
Q

Which of the following needs to be determined first when designing a pump station?
a. Discharge requirements
b. Head requirements
c. Power requirements
d. Capacity requirements

A

b. Head requirements

153
Q

Which chemical oxidant would be most effective for controlling biological growth?
a. Chloramines
b. Chlorine
c. Ozone
d. Potassium permanganate

A

b. Chlorine

154
Q

Which is the most common hypochlorinator problem?
a. Clogged equipment
b. Cracked pump head
c. Corrosion
d. Broken plunger

A

a. Clogged equipment

155
Q

Which reaction will take longer with chlorine?
a. Hydrogen sulfide
b. Ammonia
c. Organic material
d. Calcium sulfate

A

c. Organic material

156
Q

Which organisms have the greatest resistance to chlorine?
a. Viruses
b. Bacteria
c. Nematodes
d. Giardia cysts

A

c. Nematodes

157
Q

If secondary chlorine is added to a distribution system that uses chloramines, the chlorine may be added to a desired chlorine to ammonia-nitrogen ratio of
a. 3:1 to 3.5:1.
b. 3.5:1 to 4:1.
c. 4:1 to 4.5:1.
d. 4.5:1 to 5:1.

A

d. 4.5:1 to 5:1

158
Q

What is the most probable solution if sulfur bacteria are causing corrosion in the distribution system?
a. Minimization od pump activity
b. Acidification and cleaning
c. Optimization of coagulation, flocculation, and filtration
d. Routine use of a disinfectant and penetrant

A

d. Routine use of a disinfectant and penetrant

159
Q

What is the height limit for which siphoned water can be lifted at sea level?
a. 22.4 ft
b. 32.0 ft
c. 33.9 ft
d. 34.0 ft

A

c. 33.9 ft

160
Q

What is the best protection from backflow when filling a tank truck from a fire hydrant?

A

An air gap on the fill line at least two times the inside diameter of the fill line

161
Q

How often and by whom are backflow prevention devices tested in most cross-connection control programs?

A

Annually, by a certified tester

162
Q

Is a fire pumper truck connected to a hydrant for fire fighting purposes considered a cross-connection?

A

Most systems don’t consider this a cross-connection, but it is possible for the end of the fire hose to lie in a puddle of nonpotable water and potentially provide a route for contamination if backflow exists

163
Q

What type of backflow prevention device is mainly used for automatic landscape sprinkler systems?

A

A Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) backflow preventer

Top Ops Distribution Grades 3 & 4 (1 decks)

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