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Geography Physical 1 > Water Defecit, Water Insecurity, Water Supplies Sustainability > Flashcards

Water Defecit, Water Insecurity, Water Supplies Sustainability Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 types of drought

A

meteorological
Hydrological
Agricultural
Ecological
socioeconomic

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2
Q

what is meteorological drought

A

an extended period of dry weather

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3
Q

What is hydrological drought

A

Low water supply in our rivers, lakes, aquifers and other reservoirs that often follow meteorological drought

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4
Q

What is agricultural drought

A

When a water shortage significantly damages or destroys agricultural crops

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5
Q

what is ecological drought

A

widespread Ecological damage caused by the lack of soil damage

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6
Q

What is socioeconomic drought

A

when a water shortage affects the supply and demand of drought commodities such as water, food grains and fish

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7
Q

what are the human cause of drought

A

Climate change
Deforestation
Agricultural
High water demand

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8
Q

How does climate change caused drought

A

global warming makes extreme weather more likely
it can make places drier by increasing evaporation.

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9
Q

How is deforestation a cause of drought

A

plants and trees capture and release water into the atmosphere which creates clouds and then rain.
This means that with no plants and trees there is little rain.

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10
Q

How is Agriculture a cause of drought

A

intensive farming contributes to deforestation in the first instance but can also affect the absorbency of the soil, meaning it dries out quicker.

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11
Q

How is high water demand a cause of drought

A

demand for water may outweigh the supply of water. High demand in up stream areas means drought in downstream areas.

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12
Q

what are the natural Causes of drought

A

Chango in ocean temperature
The jet Stream

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13
Q

How is change in ocean temperature a cause of drought

A

El Niño and La Niña are climate patterns that can cause drought in some parts of the world
El Niño is characterised by warmer-than-average ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which can lead to drought in the south western United States and southern Africa.
La Niña is characterized by cooler-than-average ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean, which can lead to drought in Australia and Indonesia.

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14
Q

how is the jet stream a cause of drought

A

a band of strong wind that flows high in the atmosphere. Changes in the jet stream can cause drought as it brings dry air from other parts of the world.

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15
Q

How are people affected by drought

A

Risk of famine
Increased disease
wildfires
Displacement of people

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16
Q

How does risk of famine affect people

A

Drought causes crops to fail meaning people no longer have access to food resulting in widespread acute malnutrition disease and death

17
Q

How does increase in disease affect people

A

Drought affects access to clean drinking water leading to people drinking contaminated water

18
Q

How do wildfires affect people

A

dry conditions can bring wildfires affecting air quality and lung condition

19
Q

How does displacement of people affect them

A

may have to travel further to find ean water meaning it can distrust education as they will need to leave home for long periods of time

20
Q

what are we doing to help with water insecurity

A

Domestic water is reused - rainwater in the garden
water transfer Schemes - redistributes water around the country to places with little water
Reservoirs - Stores excess water for when it is needed
modern houses - specially built to restrict water usage

21
Q

What causes the growing mismatch between water supply and demand in some areas of the world

A

.The growing population outstrips the finite amount of avaliable water

22
Q

what results from the mismatch between water supply and demand

A

water stress meaning deterioration of water quality and quantity

23
Q

How is water insecurity defined

A

When each person has below 1700m³ of water

24
Q

what constitutes water scarcity

A

freshwater shortages that threaten food production and ecosystem wellbeing it is defined as having less than 1000m³ of water per person

25
Q

What are physical causes of water insecurity

A

Climate variability
Saltwater encroachment of rivers lakes and groundwater

26
Q

What are human causes of water insecurity

A

Over abstraction of rivers lakes and ground water
Water contamination from agriculture
Industrial water pollution

27
Q

What are some of the issues with water transfer schemes

A

There is a widespread opposition to them
Wildlife habitats lost - flooding areas for reservoirs, installing large pipes
A rise in tax - due to the cost of implementing such schemes
Pollution - caused from pumping the water

28
Q

what do you need to consider for water to be managed sustainably

A

Political
Economic
Social
Environmental

Geography Physical 1 (6 decks)

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