water cycle

Question 1

name processes involved in water transfers

Answer 1

• freezing
• melting
• condensation
• evaporation
• evapotranspiration
• sublimation
• deposition
• infiltration

Question 2

evaporation

Answer 2

solar radiation hits the surface of water or land and causes water to turn from liquid state to a gas

Question 3

condensation

Answer 3

the air cools and excess water in the air will be converted from a gas to a liquid, the particles condense onto tiny particles of dust, smoke, salt etc

Question 4

cryospheric processes

Answer 4

processes that affect the total mass of ice at any scale from local patches of frozen ground to global ice amounts

Question 5

drainage basin

Answer 5

area of land drained by a river snd it’s tributaries

Question 6

evapotranspiration

Answer 6

total output of water from the drainage basin directly back into the atmosphere

Question 7

groundwater flow

Answer 7

slow movement of water through deep underlying rocks

Question 8

infiltration

Answer 8

downward movement of water from the surface into the soil

Question 9

latent heat

Answer 9

heat taken from surroundings to give particle bonds energy and surroundings cool down

Question 10

fusion

Answer 10

when a solid becomes a liquid or vise versa

Question 11

vaporisation

Answer 11

when a liquid becomes a gas or vice versa

Question 12

sublimation

Answer 12

when a solid becomes a gas or vice versa

Question 13

transpiration

Answer 13

where water is transported from the roots of a plant to its leaves and then lost through pores on the leafs surface

Question 14

factors affecting evaporation

Answer 14

• amount of solar energy
• amount of water available
• humidity of air (the closer the air is to saturation, the slower it will happen)
• temperature of air (warm air can hold more water vapour)

Question 15

driving force of cloud formation is..

Answer 15

the global atmospheric circulation model

Question 16

cloud formation near the equator/in the tropics

Answer 16

• high rates of evaporation
• warm moist air rise, cools and condenses to form clouds and heavy rainfall in a low pressure zone called ITCZ (inter-tropical convergence zone)

Question 17

cloud formation in mid latitudes

Answer 17

• clouds mostly formed due to convergence of warm air from tropics and cold air from the arctic
• the boundary of the two air masses (polar front) results in rising air and cloud formation
• strong winds (jet stream) drive these unstable weather systems across the mid latitudes

Question 18

condensation and latent heat

Answer 18

condensation gives out latent heat to surrounding areas so is a warming process

Question 19

evaporation and latent heat

Answer 19

evaporation absorbs latent heat from the surrounding area so is a cooling process

Question 20

terrestrial water

Answer 20

water on the land

• surface water
• groundwater
• soil water
• biological water

Question 21

surface water

Answer 21

free flowing water of rivers as well as the water of lakes and ponds

Question 22

soil water

Answer 22

held together with air in the unsaturated upper weathered layers of the Earth

Question 23

ice sheets

Answer 23

mass of glacial land ice extending more than 50,000km2

Question 24

ice caps

Answer 24

thick layers of ice on land that are smaller than 50,000km2

Question 25

sea ice

Answer 25

forms when the water in oceans is cooled to temperatures below freezing