water cycle Flashcards
what is unique about water on earth?
it naturally appears in all three states of matter
what causes the polarity of water?
the covalently bonded hydrogen electrons are attracted towards the oxygen atom and the other four electrons on the oxygen atom space out, creating a negative oxygen and a positive hydrogen side
what is cohesion?
cohesion is when the same molecules attract to each other
what is adhesion?
adhesion is when different molecules attract to each other
why does water form droplets?
because of its polarity the water molecules are attracted to each other due to cohesion
what causes surface tension in water?
cohesion causes surface tension because the water on the surface is attracted to each other
what is capillary action?
capillary action is when water is pulled up due to cohesion and adhesion
water is first attracted to other materials due to adhesion and more water is then sucked up due to cohesion
what causes the meniscus in water?
capillary action
water on the sides is pulled up by adhesion and then more water is pulled together from cohesion
it then sinks in the middle due to gravity
what is a universal solvent and why is water one?
a universal solvent is a substance that is able to dissolve both negatively and positively charged particles
water is able to do this because of its polarity
what makes some substances hydrophobic?
hydrophobic particles are not polar so they cannot dissolve in water
why is ice less dense than liquid water?
because of the stable hydrogen bonds that form as water cools down
liquid water doesn’t have stable hydrogen bonds because of the movement of water molecules
but when water slows down as it freezes it allows hydrogen bonds to form which also evenly space out the molecules and make it less dense
what are hydrogen bonds?
a hydrogen bond is formed by the attraction between opposite poles on a water molecule
what is deposition or de-sublimation?
phase change from gas to solid
what is fog drip?
when fog condenses on plants and drips down to the ground
what is seepage?
like percolation, moving into groundwater storage
