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9th Biology and math > Water, cellular respiration, macromolecules, cells, cells organelles > Flashcards

Water, cellular respiration, macromolecules, cells, cells organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Define cohesion

A

Uniting - sticking like molecules together

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2
Q

Adhesion

A

To unite

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3
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Occurs in the chloroplasts, gives off oxygen

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4
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Gives of co2 , occurs in the mitochondria

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5
Q

What two processes occur in the mitochondria?

A

Electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle

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6
Q

What is an autotroph

A

Something that makes their own food

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7
Q

What is a heterotroph

A

Something that consumes food

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8
Q

What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?

A

Aerobic requires oxygen anaerobic doesn’t

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9
Q

What does atp stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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10
Q

What does adp stand for

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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11
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Sunlight + carbon dioxide+ water =

Glucose+ oxygen

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12
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Glucose +oxygen=water+carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Law of thermodynamics dynamics

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed just changed

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

All cellular chemical reaction

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15
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction

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16
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Releases energy

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17
Q

Anabolic pathway

A

Uses energy

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18
Q

What occurs in the large surface space of the thylakoids in two photosynthesis series?

A

Electron transport chain

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19
Q

Photo system two

A

Light excites electron, water molecules split.

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20
Q

Photo system one

A

Light electrons get transferred to protein called ferrodoxin.

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21
Q

Calvin cycle product

A

Glucose

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22
Q

Stage one cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis,

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23
Q

Second stage of cellular respiration

A

Krebs cycle

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24
Q

Which type of fermentation converts pyruvate to lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid fermentation.

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25
Q

Polar molecule

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

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26
Q

Solute

A

Solute: substance dissolved in solvent

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27
Q

Surface tension

A

Water is pulled together creating the smallest surface area possible.

28
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of heat per unit of mass required to raise the temperature by one degree celsius.

29
Q

Number of Elements and compounds in living things.

A

90 elements naturally occurring.
Only 11 are common in living things.
Most common are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen.

30
Q

Organic and inorganic are two main groups of what?

A

Chemical compounds

31
Q

Organic compounds are ———–large or small, simple or complex, why?

A

Also tend to be
LARGE molecules(made up of lots of atoms)
COMPLEX: lots of carbon and hydrogen atoms bound covalently.

32
Q

Inorganic compounds are ——–simple or complex, big or small, carbon or no carbon

A

Generally do NOT contain carbon
CO2 is an exception
Also tend to be
Small and simple

33
Q

What’s so special about CARBON?

A

4 outer (valence) electrons.

34
Q

Bottom line about carbon

A

It has HUGE potential for making a WIDE VARIETY of different types of molecules.

35
Q

Bottom line about making polymers.

A

Small subunits link together to make large polymers.

36
Q

4 major groups of organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleus acids

37
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

Quick energy
They function in short term energy storage in plants
They function as intermediate term storage
They function as structural components in cells

38
Q

Monomers polymers polysaccharides are part of what structure?

A

General carb structure

39
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Monomers of carbs are monosaccharides

40
Q

Why are monosaccharides important

A

Energy in them can be made quickly available to living things

41
Q

Disaccharides

A

Double sugars

Two monosaccharides joined

42
Q

Why are disaccharides useful?

A

Not quite so easily broken down as monosaccharides

43
Q

How are Polysaccharides made?

A

Made by joining many monosaccharides

44
Q

Types of polysaccharides

A

Starch and Glycogen

45
Q

Polysaccharides - cellulose, example

46
Q

Polysaccharides - chitin

A

Structural carbohydrate
Cell walls of fungi
Exoskeleton of autotrophs

47
Q

What are 4 types of Lipids

A 
Waxed
Oils
Fats
Steroids
Hormones
All are nonpolar(don't dissolve in water)
48
Q

Functions of lipids are what?

A 
Energy storage
Insulation
Keeps animals warm
Shock absorption
Make important compounds
49
Q

Structure of lipids

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

50
Q

Nadph nad+ are essential in what cycle

A

Calvin cycle

51
Q

Solvent of life

52
Q

Solvent

A

Something that dissolves something else

53
Q

Cells come from what?

A

Pre-existing cells through cell division

54
Q

Cells are the smallest unit that is capable or performing life functions because……

A

Cells have all of the characteristics of living things

55
Q

What type of cell is a complex organism in most living things?

A

Eukaryotic cell

56
Q

Which type of cell can be unicellular and multicellular?

A

Eukaryotic cell

57
Q

All living things are made of what?

58
Q

What are the smallest working units of life?

59
Q

This cell has organelles that are surrounded by membranes.

A

Eukaryotic cell

60
Q

Cell membranes are in what two cells?

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

61
Q

Which type of bilayer allows certain materials to pass freely rather than other materials?

A

Phospholipid

62
Q

Cytoplasm is found in what two cells

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

63
Q

Which organelle is a jelly like fluid inside the membrane and supports and protects the cells?

64
Q

Which organelle is big in plant cells and small in animal cells and stores waste?

65
Q

The smallest working units of life are?

66
Q

All living things are made of what?

9th Biology and math (3 decks)

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