Water &carbon cycle Flashcards
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
The effects of an action are increased by its subsequent knock on effect.
The effects of an action are reduced by its subsequent knock on effect.
Earth subsystems
Cryosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Cryosphere -Frozen water (water in solid form e.g ice)
Hydrosphere -All water on earth
CO2 dissolved in water
Lithosphere -The outer part of the earth (crust and mantle) stores 99.9% of carbon
Atmosphere -The layer of gas surrounding the earth
Biosphere -All living organisms
Systems
Input
Output
Store
Flows
Boundaries
Input- When matter or energy is added to a system
Output- When matter or energy leaves from a system
Store- where matter or energy builds up
Flows- Where matter or energy moves from one store to anouther
Boundaries- the limits of a system
evaporation
Evaporation is the process of a liquid turning into a gas
factors affecting include-
Amount of solar energy
Availability of water
Humidity of the air more humid=less evaporation
Temperature of the air higher temp= holds more water
condensation
Condensation- Vapour or gas turning into a liquid
Water that exists as vapour in the atmosphere is converted into droplets during this process.
If the water vapour converts directly into a sold form as ice crystals this is known as sublimation.
Condensation occurs because air is either;
• cooled to dew point or
• there is a fall in pressure.
Drainage basin flows
Channel flow
Groundwater flow
Infiltration
Interflow
Percolation
Stemflow
Through fall
Overland flow
Through flow Base flow
Channel flow – the movement of water within the river channel. This is also called a river’s discharge.
Groundwater flow – the deeper movement of water through underlying permeable rock below the water table.
Infiltration – water soaking into the soil.
Interflow – water flowing downhill through permeable rock above the water table.
Percolation – water seeping down through soil into the water table.
Stemflow – water running down a plant stem or tree trunk
Through fall - water dripping from leaf to leaf
Overland flow- water flowing over land (runoff)
Through flow- water moving downhill through soil
Base flow- groundwater flow that feeds into rivers through river banks/beds.
Soil Moisture Budget
The amount of water in the soil
factors affecting it - precipitation levels
precipition levels-
-
