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GGR > Water, Atmospheric Moisture > Flashcards

Water, Atmospheric Moisture Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 heat properties

A

Sensible and Latent

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2
Q

What is sensible heat?

A

transfer of energy that results in a change in room temperature

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3
Q

What is latent heat?

A

transfer of energy that causes a phase change w/o change in temperature

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4
Q

Vaporization

A

liquid to vapour

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5
Q

Condensation

A

vapour to liquid

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6
Q

Freezing

A

liquid to solid (ice)

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7
Q

Melting

A

solid to liquid

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8
Q

Sublimation

A

solid to vapour

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9
Q

Dry deposition

A

vapour to solid

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10
Q

Hydrogen bonding

A

The ‘bent’ geometry of hydrogen and oxygen atoms within the water molecule cause a electronic dipole, with a net negative charge over the oxygen and a net positive change over the hydrogen
this dipole causes strong forces of attraction between water molecules

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11
Q

Surface tension

A

downward force exerted by body of strider is less than the hydrogen bond forces holding the water molecules together

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12
Q

Air consists of what 3 major gases?

A

N2, O2, Ar

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13
Q

Where is water vapour concentration highest?

A

Tends to be highest at sea level and areas of high evaporation

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14
Q

What metrics used to quantify atmospheric humidity of an air parcel?

A

specific humidity, absolute humidity, and relative humidity

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15
Q

Absolute humidity

A

Mass of H2O per volume of air, typically g/m3

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16
Q

Specific humidity

A

Mass of H2O per mass of air (g/kg)

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17
Q

What is Vapour Pressure?

A

The partial pressure exerted by vapour in a given parcel of air

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18
Q

What is Saturation Vapour Pressure?

A

The vapour pressure at which a parcel of air is ‘saturated’ and can hold no more vapour

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19
Q

Where does atmosphere hold more water vapour?

A

At higher air temps

20
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

the ratio of actual vapour pressure to saturation vapour pressure, typically expressed as a percent.

21
Q

What does relative humidity depend on?

A

since saturation vapour pressure depends on temperature, so does RH

22
Q

What is Dew point?

A

The temperature at which the saturation vapour pressure equals the actual vapour pressure

23
Q

What is morning dew?

A

is caused by overnight cooling of air temperature at ground level, lowers SVP to the point where it equals actual vapour pressure, causing water vapour to condense and collect on blades of grass and other vegetation.

24
Q

What happens when air is saturated?

A

(RH = 100%), condensation happens

25
Q

What is a Hair hygrometer?

A

Instrument for Measuring Humidity

Principle: human hair changes in length with respect to changes in relative humidity

26
Q

What is a Sling psychrometer?

A

Instrument for Measuring Humidity

Principle: ‘dry bulb’ and ‘wet bulb’ temperatures

27
Q

Air parcel

A

has specific temperature and humidity

28
Q

What is Buoyancy determined by?

A

determined by air density

29
Q

buoyancy force >

A

gravitational force, air parcel rises

30
Q

buoyancy force =

A

gravitational force, air parcel rests

31
Q

buoyancy force

A

gravitational force, air parcel sinks

32
Q

Stability

A

tendency of an air parcel either to remain in place or to change vertical position by ascending or descending

33
Q

Adiabatic

A

occurring without a loss or gain of heat

34
Q

Diabatic

A

occurring with an exchange of heat.

35
Q

What is the dry adiabatic rate?

A

is the rate at which ‘dry’ air cools by expansion (if it is ascending) or heats by compression (if it is descending).

36
Q

What does ‘dry’ refer to in dry adiabatic rate

A

‘dry’ refers to air that is not saturated (RH is less than 100%)

37
Q

What does Moist Adiabatic Rate apply to?

A

Applies to saturated air only

38
Q

Environmental lapse rate

A

actual lapse rate at a particular time and place of surrounding air

39
Q

What is Unstable Air?

A

air parcel unstable regardless of moisture content

40
Q

What is Conditionally Stable Air?

A

When the ELR is less than DAR, but greater than MAR

the air parcel is referred to as ‘conditionally unstable

41
Q

What are 2 possible conditions of conditionally stable air?

A

Two possible conditions:
•unstable if saturated
•stable if unsaturated

42
Q

What is Stable Air?

A

When the ELR less than DAR and MAR

air parcel stable regardless of moisture content

43
Q

What are the Cloud formation steps?

A
  1. Adiabatic cooling by vertical lift
  2. Air parcel cools to the dew-point temperature
  3. Air parcel becomes saturated
  4. Condensation occurs
44
Q

What are the Four cloud types classes by altitude?

A

low (up to 2 km)
middle(2-6 km)
high(6-13 km)
and vertically developed (near surface to 13000m)

45
Q

Three cloud types classified by form or shape

A
  1. cirroform (hairlike, feathery)
  2. stratiform (flat and layered)
  3. cumuliform(dense, heavy)
46
Q

Precipitation producing clouds are what type

A

‘nimbus’ type

47
Q

Vertically Developed Clouds are called

A

Cumulonimbus

GGR (1 decks)

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