Water and Minerals

Question 1

Major Minerals

Answer 1

sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. (≥100 mg/day)

Question 2

Trace Elements

Answer 2

iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, and more. (<100 mg/day)

Question 3

Water is critical for…

Answer 3

fluid balance, nutrient transport, nerve impulses, removal of wastes, muscle contractions, chemical reactions, and many, many more…

Question 4

Decrease in body water

Answer 4

-volume of body H2O ↓s,
↓ H2O signals the pituitary gland to secrete ADH
ADH acts on the kidneys to ↑ water reabsorption,
Water losses are ↓ in the urine.

Question 5

Dehydration

Answer 5

Water is lost from extracellular fluid. Water flows to extracellular from intracellular fluid.

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

Releases anti-diuretic hormone to lose less water in urine from kidneys.

Question 7

Water DRI for men

Answer 7

3.7 liters/day

Question 8

Water DRI for women

Answer 8

2.7 liters/day

Question 9

Hypertremia

Answer 9

Feels the same as dehydration. Results from water toxicity which leads to imbalance of electrolytes and water (more water than electrolytes).

Question 10

When blood pressure decreases…

Answer 10

• Blood vessels constrict

- Sodium and water is retained by the kidney.

Question 11

Electrolyte balance

Answer 11

Essential for fluid balance, blood pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction.

Question 12

4 electrolytes discussed in class

Answer 12

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphorus

Question 13

DGA for Sodium

Answer 13

2300 mg/day (1 tsp salt)

Question 14

Hypernatremia

Answer 14

Too much sodium

Question 15

Hyponatremia

Answer 15

Not enough sodium

Question 16

Potassium

Answer 16

Works with sodium to maintain proper fluid balance.

Muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood pressure.

Question 17

AI for Potassium

Answer 17

4700 mg/day

Question 18

Hyperkalemia

Answer 18

Too much potassium.

Question 19

Hypokalemia

Answer 19

Too little potassium.

Question 20

Chloride

Answer 20

Couples with sodium to help with fluid balance.

Part of HCl in stomach acid. Helps with immune response, nerve transmission.

Question 21

DRI for Chloride

Answer 21

2300 mg/day

Question 22

Extracellular electrolytes

Answer 22

Sodium and Chloride

Question 23

Body water weight

Answer 23

Our body is 50-75% water. Reduced to 50-60% as we age.

Question 24

Phosphorus

Answer 24

Works with K+ to maintain fluid balance.
Major component of 
Bone
ATP – adenosine triphosphate
DNA & RNA
Membrane lipids

Question 25

Phytic acid

Answer 25

Plant form of phosphorus. we cannot breakdown phytic acid so we absorb only about 50%; other foods and bacteria help us breakdown the phytic acid.

Question 26

Blood pressure

Answer 26

Fluid pressure of blood against the blood vessel walls.

Question 27

Hypertension risk factors

Answer 27

High blood pressure risk factors:
Genetics
Age, overweight, abdominal fat, heavy alcohol consumption, stress, salt sensitivity.

Question 28

Sodium free

Answer 28

5mg or less per serving.

Question 29

Low sodium

Answer 29

35 mg or less per serving.

Question 30

Reduced sodium

Answer 30

Contains at least 25% sodium per serving than a reference food.

Question 31

DASH diet

Answer 31

A dietary pattern that may provide health benefits beyond lowering blood pressure