Water and Minerals Flashcards
Major Minerals
sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur. (≥100 mg/day)
Trace Elements
iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, fluoride, manganese, molybdenum, and more. (<100 mg/day)
Water is critical for…
fluid balance, nutrient transport, nerve impulses, removal of wastes, muscle contractions, chemical reactions, and many, many more…
Decrease in body water
-volume of body H2O ↓s,
↓ H2O signals the pituitary gland to secrete ADH
ADH acts on the kidneys to ↑ water reabsorption,
Water losses are ↓ in the urine.
Dehydration
Water is lost from extracellular fluid. Water flows to extracellular from intracellular fluid.
Pituitary gland
Releases anti-diuretic hormone to lose less water in urine from kidneys.
Water DRI for men
3.7 liters/day
Water DRI for women
2.7 liters/day
Hypertremia
Feels the same as dehydration. Results from water toxicity which leads to imbalance of electrolytes and water (more water than electrolytes).
When blood pressure decreases…
- Blood vessels constrict
- Sodium and water is retained by the kidney.
Electrolyte balance
Essential for fluid balance, blood pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle contraction.
4 electrolytes discussed in class
Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphorus
DGA for Sodium
2300 mg/day (1 tsp salt)
Hypernatremia
Too much sodium
Hyponatremia
Not enough sodium
Potassium
Works with sodium to maintain proper fluid balance.
Muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood pressure.
AI for Potassium
4700 mg/day
Hyperkalemia
Too much potassium.
Hypokalemia
Too little potassium.
Chloride
Couples with sodium to help with fluid balance.
Part of HCl in stomach acid. Helps with immune response, nerve transmission.
DRI for Chloride
2300 mg/day
Extracellular electrolytes
Sodium and Chloride
Body water weight
Our body is 50-75% water. Reduced to 50-60% as we age.
Phosphorus
Works with K+ to maintain fluid balance. Major component of Bone ATP – adenosine triphosphate DNA & RNA Membrane lipids
