Water and it's Properties Flashcards
What is polarity?
The state of an atom or molecule having partial positive and negative charges/poles
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms responsible for certain properties of a molecule
What is non-polar?
A molecule where atoms share electrons equally (neutral)
What is polar?
A molecule where atoms share electrons unequally resulting in the negative and positive poles
What are intermolecular forces of attraction?
An interactive force between molecules which can be attractive or repulsive
What are dispersion forces?
When the electrons are evenly/equally distributed , but they are constantly moving and could be found all on one side of a molecule. They only occur instantaneously and are very weak (weakest of all intermolecular forces)
What are dipole-dipole forces?
These electrons are not shared equally within a molecule. This causes partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end. The positive end of one molecule will attract the negative side of an adjacent molecule.
What is hydrogen bonding?
a special case of dipole-dipole forces which involves functional groups containing H bonded to N,O, or F. The electrons are even more unequally shared due to high electronegativity difference resulting in stronger partial charges.
What is an ionic-dipole?
This attraction occurs between an ion and a molecule that has a dipole.
Cohesion
attraction of molecules to the same kind of molecule
Adhesion
attraction of molecules to different kinds of molecules
Capillary Action
(opposition of gravity). Movement of water climbing up through a narrow space using cohesion and adhesion
Solvent
A substance that dissolves other substances
Hydrophilic
Substances or molecules that are polar and can dissolve in water (water-loving)
Hydrophobic
Substances or molecules that lack polarity and are unable to dissolve or mix with water
