Water and Carbon overlap

Question 1

Water is around what % of vegetation biomass

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

What is the most important intersection between water and carbon

Answer 2

water can store dissolved carbon and transport it
E.g. rainwater

Question 3

What is the pH of unpolluted rainwater

Answer 3

5.6 due to acids in the troposphere

Question 4

how acidic can polluted rainwater become

Answer 4

4 or lower

Question 5

What is the arctic ice feedback loop

Answer 5

POSITIVE ice has high albedo but is melting due to increased temps which reveals the dark ocean which has a low albedo

Question 6

what is the carbon cycle feedback loop (NEGATIVE)

Answer 6

higher temps cause longer growing seasons for plants so more carbon is sequestered

Question 7

what is the carbon cycle feedback loop (POSITIVE)

Answer 7

increasing temps melts permafrost releasing greenhouse gases which increase the enhanced greenhouse effect and cause global warming

Question 8

what chemical to Phytoplankton release

Answer 8

DMS (Di-methylsulfide)

Question 9

what does DMS do?

Answer 9

promotes cloud formation

Question 10

why does DMS cause global cooling

Answer 10

more clouds means more sun reflected (high albedo) so less insolation

Question 11

What do current CCS solutions account for

Answer 11

0.001% of all emissions

Question 12

what is climate change mitigation

Answer 12

reducing emissions

Question 13

what is climate change adaption

Answer 13

making SEEP changes in response to climate change

Question 14

How can we modify photosynthesis

Answer 14

increase globally forested areas to increase sequestration

Question 15

How can we modify land use to mitigate climate change

Answer 15

carbon farming

Question 16

what is carbon farming

Answer 16

one type of crop is replaced with another that can absorb more CO2

Question 17

how much of Sri Lanka’s forests were destroyed in the last 100 years

Answer 17

3/4

Question 18

how many mangrove seedlings were planted in Sri Lanka in 2017

Answer 18

700k

Question 19

which nonprofit helped Sri Lanka rebuild its forests?

Answer 19

Seacology

Question 20

How can we modify deforestation

Answer 20

FSC certified wood
Carbon offsetting
Selective logging

Question 21

why is FSC certified wood better

Answer 21

ensures only wood grown sustainably can be sold under this label

Question 22

what is carbon offsetting

Answer 22

an entity can compensate for their greenhouse emissions by investing in projects elsewhere

Question 23

what is selective logging

Answer 23

only certain trees are felled based on set criteria such as species or age which protects younger trees and leaves the ecosystem intact

Question 24

What % of virgin forest was set out to be protected in Brazil

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

how was the Brazil virgin forest protection enforced

Answer 25

large fines or imprisonment

Question 26

what is virgin forest

Answer 26

old-growth forest that has developed for a long time without disturbance

Question 27

What did COP21 achieve

Answer 27

196 countries signed a legally binding deal to limit global warming to below 2 degrees above pre industrial levels

Question 28

how many countries are signed up to the Paris Agreement

Answer 28

196

Question 29

how many degrees above pre industrial levels is the Paris Agreement set to achieve

Answer 29

below 2 degrees

Question 30

what did COP26 achieve

Answer 30

In Glasgow, 142 countries agreed to halt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030

Question 31

how many countries signed up to the Glasgow agreement

Answer 31

142

Question 32

where was COP26

Answer 32

Glasgow

Question 33

what did COP27 achieve

Answer 33

Launch of the Food and Agriculture for Sustainable Transformation initiative by 2030

Question 34

What is ACTO

Answer 34

Amazon Cooperation treaty organisation

Question 35

what has ACTO done

Answer 35

Promote sustainable development in the amazon

Question 36

how many counties are in ACTO

Answer 36

8

Question 37

what are the strengths of ACTO

Answer 37

all countries pool their resources together NGO support due to the large scale

Question 38

what are weaknesses of ACTO

Answer 38

bureaucratic inefficiency Diverging national interest e.g. income form deforestation No enforcement power

Question 39

opportunities of ACTO

Answer 39

leverage national cooperation Eco tourism Renewable energy Satellite monitoring of illegal logging

Question 40

weaknesses of ACTO

Answer 40

hydrodams have net negative impact Political instability International cooperation resource exploitation from loopholes

Question 41

Example of a national park programme in Brazil

Answer 41

ARPA (Amazon Region Protected areas)

Question 42

What does ARPA do

Answer 42

works with WWF to increase protection of the amazon

Question 43

how many hectares of parks and reserves has ARPA made

Answer 43

25.3 million hectares

Question 44

strengths of ARPA

Answer 44

large scale conservation (massive scale, largest in the world) Creates long term sustainable revenue streams (through funding and subsidies)

Question 45

weaknesses of ARPA

Answer 45

impacts locals and indigenous people so reduces their QoL and may lead to landless families… Lack of enforcement

Question 46

opportunities of ARPA

Answer 46

training courses