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Pysical Geography > Water And Carbon Key Terms > Flashcards

Water And Carbon Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

System

A

An essemblage of interrelated parts that won together by way of some driving force

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2
Q

Input

A

A point where something is removed from the system

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3
Q

Output

A

A point where something is removed from the system

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4
Q

Attributes

A

The characteristics of the element (eg hot/ cold)

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5
Q

Store/ components

A

A part of the system where something is held for a period of time

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6
Q

Relationships

A

Descriptions of how various elements work together various elements work together to carry out some sort of process

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7
Q

Elements

A

Things that make up the system

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8
Q

Flow/ transfers

A

A link between one store or components and another, along which something moves

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9
Q

System boundary

A

The edge of the system; the interface between one system and another

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10
Q

Closed system

A

A physical system that does not allow certain types of transfers (such as transfer of mass or energy) in or out of the system.

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11
Q

Open system

A

A system that has an external interaction

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12
Q

Isolated system

A

Either a physical system far removed from other system that it does not interact with them, or an enclosed by immovable wall through which nothing can go in or out.

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13
Q

Liquid -> gas

A

Evaporation

>100°c

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14
Q

Gas -> liquid

A

Condensation

<100°c

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15
Q

Liquid -> solid

A

Freezing

<0°c

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16
Q

Solid-> liquid

A

Melting

>0°c

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17
Q

Solid -> gas

A

Sublimation

18
Q

Gas -> solid

A

Deposition

19
Q

Latent heat

A

The heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapour, without change of temperature
As water molecules become heated by the sun they become agitated and they begin to break the bonds between them, however there’s not enough heat in the su rays to do this so the water molecules absorb energy from their surroundings to give them the final energy to break the bond between them (this energy is known as latent heat)

20
Q

Condesation

A

Latent heat is released by the water molecules as they slow down and join together so evaporation oiled be thought as a cooling process, and condensation a warming process

21
Q

The hydrological cycle (water cycle)

A

Movement of water through the atmosphere

75% earths surface is covered by water

22
Q

Drainage basin

A

The area of land surrounding a river, which the river receives water and subsequently drains this water

23
Q

Watershed

A

An area/ ridge of land that separates water flowing to different rivers, basins or seas

24
Q

Confluence

A

The junction of two rivers; where a tributary joins the main river

25
Q

Infiltration

A

Water entering the ground (into soil layer)

26
Q

Interception

A

When water is caught by trees and plants

27
Q

Stem flow

A

Water land on plants and run down their stems

28
Q

Overland flow

A

Anywhere water flows over the land surface

29
Q

Through flow

A

When water flows through the ground (through soil layer)

30
Q

Transpiration

A

When water vapour comes out of leaves

31
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

When water rises as vapour from the ground or released from leaves

32
Q

Ground water

A

Water deep in the ground

33
Q

Soil water

A

Water held between soil particles

34
Q

Ground water flow

A

The slow movement of ground water

35
Q

Percolation

A

Movement of water down through the ground

36
Q

Ground water storage

A

Water stored underground in bedrock

37
Q

Water balance

A

The difference between the inputs and outputs in the drainage basin
If precipitation exceeds runoff and evapotranspiration there will be a positive water balance- amount of water stored increasing
If runoff and evapotranspiration exceed precipitation, there will be a negative water balance- amount of water stored decreasing
Precipitation= total runoff + evapotranspiration +/- storage

38
Q

Soil moisture balance

A

Change in the amount of water stored in the soil throughout the year
Main factors: precipitation and potential evaporation

39
Q

Potential evaporation

A

The amount of evapotranspiration that could occur if there was sufficient water available in the system
Linked to temp- higher temp= more

40
Q

Runoff

A

The amount of water in the river

This varies widely between different rivers and in on river throughout the course of a year.

41
Q

Discharge

A

Cross sectional area of water (m2) x speed of the water (m/s)
The level of runoff at a given time is studied by measuring river discharge

42
Q

River regime

A

The variability in river discharge through the course of the year in response to precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration and drainage basin characteristics

Pysical Geography (7 decks)

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