water and carbon cycle Flashcards
What’s an input?
Where matter or energy is added to the system
What’s an output?
Where matter or energy leaves the system
What’s a store?
where matter or energy builds up in the system
Whats a flow?
where matter or energy moves in the system
What are boundaries?
Limits to the system (e.g. watershed)
What are open systems ?
When systems receive inputs and transfer outputs of energy or matter with other systems .
What are closed systems ?
When energy inputs equal outputs
What is dynamic equilibrium ?
when inputs equal outputs despite changing conditions
When does positive feedback occur ?
when a chain of events amplifies the impacts of the original event .
What is negative feedback ?
chain of events that nullifies impacts of original event , leading to dynamic equilibrium
What systems are water and carbon cycles ?
local scale :open system
global scale : closed system
what happens in a local drainage basin system ?
-water may be lost as an OUTPUT as evapotranspiration or runoff
-more water may be gained as an input through precipitation
what system is a local drainage basin system ?
open system (inputs and outputs are not balanced )
what are inputs on a local scale ?
precipitation
what are outputs on a local scale ?
evapotranspiration-combined return of water to the atmosphere from evaporation and transpiration
streamflow-water that flows through streams into oceans or tributaries to other rivers
what are stores on a local scale ?
-groundwater
-soil water
-rivers
-interception
-surface
what are flows on a local scale?
-infiltration
-percolation
-throughflow
-surface runoff
-groundwater flow
-streamflow
what is water balance and its formula ?
water balance is used to express the process of water storage and transfer in a drainage basin system and uses the formula :
precipitation=total runoff+evapotranspiration+/-storage
