Water And Carbon

Question 1

Global distribution and size of major stores of water

Answer 1

Hydrosphere - holds 97% of all water
Cryosphere - 2% of water is locked up in ice
Lithosphere - 30% of all freshwater is stored in rocks
Atmosphere - water exists in all 3 states in the atmosphere ( solid, liquids, gas)

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

A store of water in land

Question 3

Hydrosphere

Answer 3

A store of water as liquid on the surface on earth ( oceans )

Question 4

Cryosphere

Answer 4

A store of water as frozen water on earth (glaciers)

Question 5

Atmosphere

Answer 5

A store of water in the air

Question 6

Precipitation

Answer 6

Transfer of water from the atmosphere to the ground

Question 7

Water balance

Answer 7

The relationship between precipitation, runoff, evapotranspiration and storage

Question 8

Discharge

Answer 8

Volume of water flowing through a channel

Question 9

Evaporation/condensation and sublimation

Answer 9

Transfer of water from liquid to gas/gas to liquid and either solid to gas or vice Versa

Question 10

Evapotranspiration

Answer 10

Combined losses of moisture from transpiration and evaporation from a plant

Question 11

Interception

Answer 11

Water caught and stores by plants

Question 12

Overland/through/groundwater flow

Answer 12

Transfer of water over land / through soil or rocks

Question 13

Infiltration / percolation

Answer 13

Transfer of water from the ground surface into soil/rocks

Question 14

Global distribution and major stores of carbon

Answer 14

Lithosphere - 99.9% of carbon on earth
Hydrosphere - C02 dissolves in rivers
Atmosphere - 0.001
Biosphere - 0.004 in tissue of organisms
Cryosphere - 0.01

Question 15

Carbon sink

Answer 15

Store that absorbs more carbon than it releases

Question 16

Carbon source

Answer 16

Releases more carbon than it absorbs

Question 17

Vegetation succession

Answer 17

Sequence of development and changes in plant community

Question 18

Sere

Answer 18

Succession that relates to a specific environment

Question 19

Lithosere/hydrosere/halosere/psammosere

Answer 19

Vegetation succession that occurs on bare rock/
Water-freshwater pond/salt-coastal salt marsh/coastal sand

Question 20

Photosynthesis

Answer 20

Process by which plants use suns energy to produce glucose

Question 21

Respiration

Answer 21

Process that happens to convert glucose into energy

Question 22

Combustion

Answer 22

When organic material is burned releasing c02 and water

Question 23

Burial and compaction

Answer 23

Organic matter is buried by sediments and compacted

Question 24

Sequestration

Answer 24

When carbon is captured and held

Question 25

Weathering

Answer 25

the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface.

Question 26

Carbon budget

Answer 26

Describes amount of carbon that is stored or transferred

Question 27

Feedback

Answer 27

The way a system responds to flows or inputs

Question 28

Positive feedback

Answer 28

Enhances the outcome leading to instability

Question 29

Negative feedback

Answer 29

Works against the outcome leading to stability

Question 30

Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Answer 30

Uses technology to capture carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power stations and industry

Question 31

Soil organic carbon

Answer 31

Organic matter in a soil ( usually around 2-10% of soil )

Question 32

Carbon farming

Answer 32

Where one type of crop is replaced by another that has greater productivity

Question 33

Revegetation

Answer 33

Replanting and rebuilding soil on disturbed land

Question 34

Irrigation

Answer 34

Process of applying controlled amounts of water to plants

Question 35

Mulching

Answer 35

Applying a layer of material over soil to prevent carbon loss and add organic matter to the soil