Water

Question 1

What is the universal solvent?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

What is a solution?

Answer 2

A homogenous mixture of at least two chemicals that are both in the same physical state.

Question 3

What is a phase?

Answer 3

A region of space where physical properties are uniform.

Question 4

What are the three stages of a solution?

Answer 4

Unsaturated, Saturated and (temporarily) super saturated

Question 5

What is an electron shell?

Answer 5

A collection of orbitals with the same value for n.

Question 6

How many electrons can the electron shell n have?

Answer 6

n^2

Question 7

What shape are p-orbitals

Answer 7

dumbell

Question 8

what shape are d-orbitals

Answer 8

four-leaf clover

Question 9

How many electrons can be in each orbital?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What is Coloumbs law?

Answer 10

The force of attraction between the nucleus and an electron depends on the net nuclear charge and the distance between the two.

Question 11

What is atomic radius?

Answer 11

Half of the distance between two chemically bonded atoms.

Question 12

What is an isoelectric series?

Answer 12

A group of atoms with the same number of electrons.

Question 13

Which electrons are removed first?

Answer 13

The ones from the least filled orbital with the largest quantum number.

Question 14

Where are electrons added to first?

Answer 14

The lowest quantum orbital that is partially filled

Question 15

What are the thee types of chemical bond?

Answer 15

Ionic, metallic and covalent

Question 16

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 16

two ions bonded via their difference in charge

Question 17

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 17

two particles sharing electrons

Question 18

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 18

Occur when many particles are bonded together

Question 19

Which electrons are involved in bonding?

Answer 19

Valence electrons

Question 20

Which subshells are full in an octet?

Answer 20

s and p

Question 21

In a bond where do the electrons reside?

Answer 21

Closer to the more electronegative atom

Question 22

What are resonance lewis structures?

Answer 22

Structures of the same molecule with different electron configurations.

Question 23

What is electron domain geometry?

Answer 23

The arrangement of electron domains around a central atom

Question 24

When does mollecular geometry = electron geometry

Answer 24

when all electron domains are bonds

Question 25

What are sigma bonds?

Answer 25

Covalent bonds where electrons are dispersed evenly

Question 26

What are pi bonds?

Answer 26

A bond with a sideways overlap of two p-orbitals.

Question 27

What is dissociation?

Answer 27

Splitting a solid into ions.

Question 28

What are strong electrolytes?

Answer 28

Electrolytes that dissociate completly

Question 29

What are weak electrolytes?

Answer 29

Electrolytes that partially dissociate.

Question 30

What are the colligative effects? (4)

Answer 30

Vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression and osmosis.

Question 31

What is osmosis?

Answer 31

A spontaneous movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 32

What is a monoprotic acid?

Answer 32

An acid that has one H+ to donate

Question 33

Define amphoterism

Answer 33

A substance that can donate and accept a proton

Question 34

What is a conjugate pair?

Answer 34

An acid/base pair that will donate/accept a proton respectively.

Question 35

What is an example of a strong base?

Answer 35

Hydroxides

Question 36

What are the seven strong acids?

Answer 36

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4 and H2SO4

Question 37

What is the product of an acid base reaction?

Answer 37

A salt

Question 38

What is a buffer?

Answer 38

A solution that resists a pH change

Question 39

What do buffer solutions contain?

Answer 39

Either a weak base and conjugate acid or a weak acid and a conjugate base.

Question 40

What is a titration?

Answer 40

A controlled chemical reaction used for analytical, quantitative measurements of how much solute is in a solution.