water Flashcards
water is what percent of adult body weight
50-60%
water is what percent of newborns body weight
75%
intracellular fluid is what percent of total body fluid
65%
extracellular fluid is what percent of total body fluid
35%
interstitial is
fluid between cells
interstitial fluid percent of extracellular fluid
26%
intravascular fluid percent of extracellular fluid
9%
(blood)
water function
- component of all body tissues providing structure and form
- solvent for nutrients and waste to transport them
- component of blood plasma
needed for hydrolysis and digestion - lubricates joints
- absorbs shock
- body temp
daily fluid intake for adult (ingested)
1,500ml
daily fluid intake for adult (foods)
700ml
daily fluid intake for adult (oxidation)
200ml
daily fluid intake for adult (total)
2,400ml
fluid and electrolyte balance in body contributes to
homeostasis - water lost is replaces
electrolytes are measured in
milliequivalents
Sensible (noticeable)
water loss through urine
Insensible (unnoticeable)
feces, perspiration, respiration
how much water should be excreted through urine every day
500mL
osmosis is movement of water from what to what
less concentrated fluid to more concentrated
which electrolytes maintain water balance
Na, Cl, K
main electrolyte for ICF
K
main electrolyte for ECF
Na
osmolarity means
number of particles in solution
what happens when more electrolytes in ICF than ECF
cellular edema (water goes from ecf -> icf)
adrenal glands -> aldosterone -> absorbs Na -> water ICF to ECF -> relieve edema
area at base of brain that regulates appetite and thirst
hypothalamus
what happens when more electrolytes in ECF than ICF (vascular osmotic pressure)
water goes from ICF -> ECF
hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ADH to pee less
1ml of water per
calorie in food
water requirement per day
13 8-ounce glasses of fluid a dat
factors to increase water requirement
youth, fever, diarrhea, perspiration, hyperthyroidism
dehydration usually from
diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, diuretics
symptoms of dehydration
low blood pressure, thirst, dry skin,
fever, and mental disorientation.
10% water loss
is serious
20% water loss
can cause death
stage 1 of heat illness is + symptoms
Heat fatigue: feelings of weakness, fatigue
stage 2 of heat illness is + symptoms
Heat cramp: loss of sodium and potassium causes leg cramps and thirst
stage 3 of heat illness is + symptoms
Heat exhaustion: thirst, dizziness, nausea, headache, and profuse sweating
stage 4 of heat illness is + symptoms
Heat stroke: fever, brain and kidney damage, death
what to do if stage 1 heat illness
go to a cool place, rest, and drink
what to do if stage 2 heat illness
go to a cool place, rest, and drink fluids.
what to do if stage 3 heat illness
sponge baths with cool water, 2-3 day rest, drink water
what to do if stage 4 heat illness
call 911, put them in chilled water and send them to hospital
excess water
edema, hypothyroidism, congestive heart failure, hypoproteinemia, infections, cancers, renal conditions
blood plasma pH
7.35 to 7.45
Intracellular fluid has a pH of
6.8
urine pH
4.5-8
organ maintaining pH balance
kidneys
acidosis caused by
Renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvation, or severe diarrhea
alkalosis caused by
loss of hydrochloric acid from severe vomiting or ingesting too much alkali (e.g, antacid tablets)
normal buffer base to acid ratio
20:1
Carbonic acid buffers
strong alkali
sodium bicarbonate buffers
strong acids
