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Geography - Water > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the hydrological cycle?

A

The sum total of all processes in which water moves from the land and ocean surface to the atmosphere and back in form of precipitation.

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2
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Where inputs and outputs are balanced?

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3
Q

What 2 processes drive the hydrological cycle?

A

Solar energy and gravitational potential energy

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4
Q

What is green water?

A

Water stored in soil and vegetation

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5
Q

What is blue water?

A

Water stored in rivers, streams, lakes and groundwater in liquid form

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6
Q

Is the hydrological an open or closed system?

A

Closed

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7
Q

What % of total water is oceans?

A

96%

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8
Q

What % of total freshwater is icecaps?

A

68%

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9
Q

What is residence time?

A

The length of time water spends in a store in the hydrological cycle

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10
Q

What are fluxes?

A

The rate of flow between stores

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11
Q

What is thermohaline circulation?

A

The movement of seawater in a patter of flow dependent on variations in temperature

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12
Q

What is fossil water?

A

An ancient body of water that has been contained in an undisturbed space, like an aquifer

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13
Q

What does the global water budget take into account?

A

All the water that is held in the stores and flows of the global hydrological cycle

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14
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

A subset of the hydrological cycle

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15
Q

How many inputs do drainage basins have and what is it?

A

1 - precipitation

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of rainfall?

A

Orographic
Frontal
Convectional

17
Q

What is orographic rainfall?

A

When physical landscapes pushes the air up until it condenses to form clouds and precipitates

18
Q

What is frontal rainfall?

A

The differences in air temperatures causes air to rise and then condense into clouds that then precipitate

19
Q

What is convectional rainfall?

A

The heating of the ground causes the subsequent heating of the air, which rises and then condenses forming clouds which precipitate

20
Q

What are the flows within the hydrological cycle?

A

Throughflow
Groundwater flow
Surface runoff
Saturated overland flow
Percolation
Infiltration
Interception

21
Q

What are examples of outputs?

A

Channel flow
Evaporation
Transpiration

22
Q

Examples of human factors affecting the drainage basin?

A

Land-use change
Deforestation
Reservoir creation
Water abstraction

23
Q

What is a storm hydrograph?

A

They chart the relationship between a rainfall event and its discharge in a river channel

24
Q

What physical factors affect storm hydrographs?

A

Size of drainage basin - short=short lag time
Shape of drainage basin
Drainage density
Rock type
Soil type
Relief
Vegetation

25
Q

What human factors affect storm hydrographs?

A

Land use
Urbanisation

26
Q

What is lag time?

A

Time interval between peak rainfall and peak discharge known as lag time

27
Q

What are SuDS systems?

A

Sustainable drainage systems - introduced to reduce runoff produced from rainfall

28
Q

What is a river regime?

A

The annual variation in discharge or flow of a river at a particular point or gauging station

28
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

Areas of land where water is frozen into snow or ice

29
Q

What is Cumecs?

A

Cubic metres per second

30
Q

What are the two types of rivers you may see on a hydrograph?

A

Flashy and flat

31
Q

What is drought?

A

Where there is a water deficit in a particular place over a period of time

32
Q

What are the 4 types of drought?

A

Meteorological
Hydrological
Agricultural
Famine

33
Q

What is an ITCZ?

A

An inter-tropical convergence zone is a zone of convergence at the thermal equator where the trade winds meet.

34
Q

What is El Nino?

A

Changes in pressure in the Pacific Ocean that causes drought
Lasts for 18 months and occurs every 3-7 years

Geography - Water (1 decks)

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