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Chemistry > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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0
Q

Water is known as the ….. solvent

A

Universal

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1
Q

What does the water cycle mean?

A

That the water is endlessly recycled

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2
Q

Water dissolves most…compounds

A

Ionic

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3
Q

How does water dissolve ionic compounds?

A

Water molecules surround the ions and disrupt the ionic bonding, so the solid structure of the ionic compound gradually falls apart.

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4
Q

Water molecules are polar because…

A

They have a positive hydrogen side and a negative oxygen side

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5
Q

The slightly negative side of the water molecule attracts the …. ions and the slightly positive side attracts the …. ions

A

Positive

Negative

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6
Q

What is the basic water treatment layout?

A

Reservoir > screening > ozone treatment > removal of solids and microbes > filtration > pH correction > chlorination > storage > homes

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7
Q

What does water pass through to remove big bits such as twigs and leaves?

A

A mesh screen

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8
Q

Hard water makes ….

Clue: they both begin with s

A

Scum and scale

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9
Q

Hard water won’t easily form a …

A

Lather

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10
Q

Hard water forms ….. on the insides of pipes, boilers and kettles

A

Scale (mostly calcium carbonate)

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11
Q

Why is a kettle with scale less efficient than one without?

A

Because scale acts as a thermal insulator, so a kettle with scale on the heating element will take longer to boil

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12
Q

Hardness is caused by…

A

Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions ( calcium and magnesium ions)

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13
Q

Why do you get hard water in certain areas?

A

Because of the rock types. Hardness often comes from limestone, chalk and gypsum

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14
Q

What are calcium ions good for?

A

Teeth and bones

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15
Q

Why can scale inside your pipes be a good thing?

A

Because it forms a protective coating and stops poisonous metal ions from getting into drinking water. It also protects ion pipes from rust.

16
Q

How can you remove hardness?

A

By adding sodium carbonate. The carbonate ions join onto the calcium ions and make an insoluble precipitate. Softening water with sodium carbonate is only suitable in certain circumstances-such as washing clothes.

17
Q

How can you remove hardness?

A

By an ion exchange column. The columns have lots of sodium (or hydrogen ions) and exchange them for calcium or magnesium ions in the water that runs through them.

18
Q

How can you remove hardness?

A

Scale is mainly calcium carbonate and can be dissolved by acid.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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