WATER

Question 1

How are the H2O particles bonded?

Answer 1

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom covalently bonded

Question 2

Are the electrons shared?

Answer 2

Yes, but not equally

Question 3

How many protons do Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms have?

Answer 3

Oxygen has 8, Hydrogen has 1

Question 4

Which end of the atom is positively charged?

Answer 4

Hydrogen side

Question 5

Which end of the atom is negatively charged?

Answer 5

Oxygen side

Question 6

Covalently bonded particles that have a slight potential charge are said to be…

Answer 6

Polar

Question 7

Water molecules can associate via…

Answer 7

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds are transitory during nature. This means…

Answer 8

They constantly form, break, and reform

Question 9

Cohesion properties occur as a result from…

Answer 9

The polarity of water molecules and its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 10

T or F - hydrogen bonds are weak

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T or F - a large number of hydrogen bonds gives them great strength

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Cohesive means water particles…

Answer 12

Stick to other water particles

Question 13

How do water droplets form?

Answer 13

The cohesive forces are trying to pull the water into the smallest possible volume, a sphere

Question 14

Adhesion properties occur as a result from…

Answer 14

The polarity of water molecules and its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Adhesive means water particles…

Answer 15

Stick to other particles that are not water

Question 16

Capillary action is caused by…

Answer 16

The combination of adhesive forces causing water to bond to a surface

Question 17

When is capillary action helpful?

Answer 17

During the movement of water in the xylem and when you drink using a straw

Question 18

Water can dissolve…

Answer 18

many organic and inorganic substances that have charged or polar regions.

Question 19

This polar attraction of large quantities of water molecules can…

Answer 19

Interrupt intra molecular forces (such as ionic bonds) and result in the dissociation of the atoms.

Question 20

Positive atoms, e.g. Na+, end up being surrounded by…

Answer 20

The negative oxygen regions

Question 21

Negative atoms, e.g. Cl-, being surrounded by…

Answer 21

The positive hydrogen regions

Question 22

Water is referred to as…

Answer 22

Being the ‘universal solvent’

Question 23

Substances that water adheres to are…

Answer 23

Hydrophilic

Question 24

All substances that dissolve in water are…

Answer 24

Hydrophilic

Question 25

Molecules are hydrophobic if they...

Answer 25

Do not have negative or positive charges and are non-polar

Question 26

All lipids are...

Answer 26

Hydrophobic, including fats and oils

Question 27

Blood plasma consists mainly of...

Answer 27

Water, plus dissolved substances which it transports

Question 28

Glucose is carried by...

Answer 28

Blood plasma

Question 29

Glucose is a ... molecule.

Answer 29

Polar

Question 30

What types of charges do amino acids have?

Answer 30

Positive AND negative.

Question 31

R-group in amino acids vary, it can be...

Answer 31

polar, non-polar, or charged

Question 32

R-group determines...

Answer 32

the degree of solubility

Question 33

Carried by...

Answer 33

Plasma membrane

Question 34

T or F - Oxygen is a polar molecule

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Why is oxygen soluble in water?

Answer 35

Its a small molecule

Question 36

Water becomes saturated with oxygen at relatively ... concentrations

Answer 36

Low

Question 37

As temperature increases the solubility of oxygen...

Answer 37

Decreases

Question 38

What in red blood cells carry the majority of oxygen?

Answer 38

Haemoglobin

Question 39

How many binding sites for oxygen does haemoglobin have?

Answer 39

4

Question 40

T or F - Fats are soluble in water

Answer 40

False

Question 41

T or F - Fats are polar

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Where are fats carried in blood?

Answer 42

Inside lipoprotein complexes (in the plasma)

Question 43

Lipoprotein outer layer consists of...

Answer 43

A single layer of phospholipids

Question 44

Hydrophilic phosphate heads of the phospholipid face... and are in contact with...

Answer 44

Outwards, water

Question 45

The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails face... and are in contact with...

Answer 45

Inwards, the fats

Question 46

... are positioned in the phospholipid monolayer

Answer 46

Cholesterol and proteins

Question 47

T or F - Cholesterol molecules are hydrophobic

Answer 47

True, apart from a small hydrophilic region at the end

Question 48

Can cholesterol dissolve?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

Where is cholesterol transported?

Answer 49

In blood in lipoprotein complexes (in the plasma)

Question 50

Sodium chloride is a ... compound

Answer 50

Ionic

Question 51

Is sodium chloride dissolvable in water?

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Sodium chloride dissolves to form...

Answer 52

Sodium (Na+) and Chlorine (Cl-) ions

Question 53

Sodium is carried in...

Answer 53

Blood plasma

Question 54

Water has a ... specific heat capacity

Answer 54

High

Question 55

Water has a ... heat of vaporisation

Answer 55

High

Question 56

Water has a ... heat of fusion

Answer 56

High

Question 57

The temperature of water remains...

Answer 57

Relatively stable

Question 58

What can high temperatures damage and denature?

Answer 58

Denature enzymes and damage tissues.

Question 59

T or F - It takes a lot of energy for water to change temperature

Answer 59

True

Question 60

T or F - Water will heat and cool more slowly than air and land

Answer 60

True

Question 61

Methane is a waste product of what?

Answer 61

Anaerobic respiration

Question 62

Methane can be used as what?

Answer 62

Fuel

Question 63

T or F - Methane is polar

Answer 63

False