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BIO IB STRUGGLES > WATER > Flashcards

WATER Flashcards

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1
Q

How are the H2O particles bonded?

A

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom covalently bonded

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2
Q

Are the electrons shared?

A

Yes, but not equally

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3
Q

How many protons do Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms have?

A

Oxygen has 8, Hydrogen has 1

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4
Q

Which end of the atom is positively charged?

A

Hydrogen side

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5
Q

Which end of the atom is negatively charged?

A

Oxygen side

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6
Q

Covalently bonded particles that have a slight potential charge are said to be…

A

Polar

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7
Q

Water molecules can associate via…

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds are transitory during nature. This means…

A

They constantly form, break, and reform

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9
Q

Cohesion properties occur as a result from…

A

The polarity of water molecules and its ability to form hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

T or F - hydrogen bonds are weak

A

True

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11
Q

T or F - a large number of hydrogen bonds gives them great strength

A

True

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12
Q

Cohesive means water particles…

A

Stick to other water particles

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13
Q

How do water droplets form?

A

The cohesive forces are trying to pull the water into the smallest possible volume, a sphere

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14
Q

Adhesion properties occur as a result from…

A

The polarity of water molecules and its ability to form hydrogen bonds

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15
Q

Adhesive means water particles…

A

Stick to other particles that are not water

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16
Q

Capillary action is caused by…

A

The combination of adhesive forces causing water to bond to a surface

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17
Q

When is capillary action helpful?

A

During the movement of water in the xylem and when you drink using a straw

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18
Q

Water can dissolve…

A

many organic and inorganic substances that have charged or polar regions.

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19
Q

This polar attraction of large quantities of water molecules can…

A

Interrupt intra molecular forces (such as ionic bonds) and result in the dissociation of the atoms.

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20
Q

Positive atoms, e.g. Na+, end up being surrounded by…

A

The negative oxygen regions

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21
Q

Negative atoms, e.g. Cl-, being surrounded by…

A

The positive hydrogen regions

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22
Q

Water is referred to as…

A

Being the ‘universal solvent’

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23
Q

Substances that water adheres to are…

A

Hydrophilic

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24
Q

All substances that dissolve in water are…

A

Hydrophilic

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25
Q

Molecules are hydrophobic if they…

A

Do not have negative or positive charges and are non-polar

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26
Q

All lipids are…

A

Hydrophobic, including fats and oils

27
Q

Blood plasma consists mainly of…

A

Water, plus dissolved substances which it transports

28
Q

Glucose is carried by…

A

Blood plasma

29
Q

Glucose is a … molecule.

A

Polar

30
Q

What types of charges do amino acids have?

A

Positive AND negative.

31
Q

R-group in amino acids vary, it can be…

A

polar, non-polar, or charged

32
Q

R-group determines…

A

the degree of solubility

33
Q

Carried by…

A

Plasma membrane

34
Q

T or F - Oxygen is a polar molecule

A

False

35
Q

Why is oxygen soluble in water?

A

Its a small molecule

36
Q

Water becomes saturated with oxygen at relatively … concentrations

A

Low

37
Q

As temperature increases the solubility of oxygen…

A

Decreases

38
Q

What in red blood cells carry the majority of oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin

39
Q

How many binding sites for oxygen does haemoglobin have?

A

4

40
Q

T or F - Fats are soluble in water

A

False

41
Q

T or F - Fats are polar

A

False

42
Q

Where are fats carried in blood?

A

Inside lipoprotein complexes (in the plasma)

43
Q

Lipoprotein outer layer consists of…

A

A single layer of phospholipids

44
Q

Hydrophilic phosphate heads of the phospholipid face… and are in contact with…

A

Outwards, water

45
Q

The hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails face… and are in contact with…

A

Inwards, the fats

46
Q

… are positioned in the phospholipid monolayer

A

Cholesterol and proteins

47
Q

T or F - Cholesterol molecules are hydrophobic

A

True, apart from a small hydrophilic region at the end

48
Q

Can cholesterol dissolve?

A

No

49
Q

Where is cholesterol transported?

A

In blood in lipoprotein complexes (in the plasma)

50
Q

Sodium chloride is a … compound

A

Ionic

51
Q

Is sodium chloride dissolvable in water?

A

Yes

52
Q

Sodium chloride dissolves to form…

A

Sodium (Na+) and Chlorine (Cl-) ions

53
Q

Sodium is carried in…

A

Blood plasma

54
Q

Water has a … specific heat capacity

A

High

55
Q

Water has a … heat of vaporisation

A

High

56
Q

Water has a … heat of fusion

A

High

57
Q

The temperature of water remains…

A

Relatively stable

58
Q

What can high temperatures damage and denature?

A

Denature enzymes and damage tissues.

59
Q

T or F - It takes a lot of energy for water to change temperature

A

True

60
Q

T or F - Water will heat and cool more slowly than air and land

A

True

61
Q

Methane is a waste product of what?

A

Anaerobic respiration

62
Q

Methane can be used as what?

A

Fuel

63
Q

T or F - Methane is polar

A

False

64
Q
A

BIO IB STRUGGLES (1 decks)

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