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Y10 Chem 2023 > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Bronsted Lowry acid

A

Acids are proton donors (can donate H+ ions)

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2
Q

Bronsted Lowry base

A

are proton acceptors (accepts H+ ions)

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3
Q

Common acids names and formulas

A

HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH,

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4
Q

Common base names and formulas

A

NaOH, NH3, Na2CO3

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5
Q

Solvent:

A

Liquid that dissolves a substance

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6
Q

Solute:

A

Substance being dissolved

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7
Q

Solution:

A

Solvent and solute mixture

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8
Q

Saturated solution

A

asolutionin which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent.

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9
Q

Unsaturated solution

A

a solution with less solute than the saturated solution.

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10
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

a solution with more solute than the saturated solution (i.e. some solute is unable to dissolve).

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11
Q

Conjugate acid

A

A conjugate acid is the same as the starting base plus H+.

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12
Q

Conjugate base

A

A conjugate base is the same as the starting acid minus H+.

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13
Q

Products of acid and metal

A

salt and hydrogen

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14
Q

Products of acid and metal carbonate

A

salt, carbon dioxide and water

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15
Q

Products of acid and metal hydroxide

A

salt and water

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16
Q

Strong acid definition and common examples

A

Donate protons easily
Completely ionise in solution
HCl - hydrochloric acid.
HNO3 - nitric acid.
H2SO4 - sulfuric acid.
HBr - hydrobromic acid.
HI - hydroiodic acid.
HClO4 - perchloric acid.

17
Q

weak acids definition and common examples

A

Does not donate protons easily
Partially ionise in solution
HCOOH – methanoic acid
CH3COOH – ethanoic acid.
HF – hydrofluoric acid
HCN – hydrocyanic acid
HNO2 – nitrous acid

18
Q

Calculation to find pH

A

pH = – log [H+]

19
Q

Calculation to find [H+]

A

[H+] = 10^-pH

20
Q

pH scale range for acids and pH scale range for bases

A

Each one-unit change in the pH scale corresponds to a ten-fold change in H+ concentration,
0-6 acids 7 neutral 8-14 base/alkali

21
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

the amount of heat energy required to change 1 mole of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point

22
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization

A

the heat energy required to change 1 mole of a substance from liquid to a gas at its boiling point

Y10 Chem 2023 (7 decks)

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