Water Flashcards
What temp is water at its highest density
4 Deg C
Specific heat
Must gain or loose large amt of energy before temp change
Water is the universal…
solvent
pH rain
5.6 (acidic)
closed system
linkage between shortage of water and movement of water
recharge area
water percolates through water table
rainwater and meltwater runoff responds DIRECTLY to
topography, soil, characteristics of the precipitation
rainwater and meltwater responds INDIRECTLY to
variations in climate, vegetation, and land use
watershed
geographic area of land in which the precip drains to a common point on a stream pond lake or other body of water, includes surface and groundwater flow
Lotic system
continuously flowing water
stream classification sytem
Based off of how many streams are going into it, and what level they6 are
headwaters
swift and erosional
lower reaches
slower and depositional
allochthonous
external loading
autochthonous
internal loading
External / internal loading aspects
○ CPOM- coarse particular organic matter
○ FPOM- fine particular organic matter
○ DOM- Dissolved organic matter
Primary production (photosynthesis)
lentic systems
lakes
lotic systems
streams rivers
water residence time
how long is a molecule of water in the lake
wind influence on bodies of water
surface water
spirals of water
then it affects nutrients for fish
Slosh
wind continuously on a lake that makes the water push to one side
epilimnion
warm water @ top
thermocline
rapid temp change
hypolimnion
cold water
what causes stratification in lakes
temp
fall turnover
lakes mix, always most dense at 4 deg C
What happens at bottom of lake that causes less O2
decomposition
Nutrient sink
lakes
high concentratins of P and N
P used for life science
atp dna
N used for life science
amino acids protien
oligotrophic
nutrient poor, x a lot of sediment
mesotrophic
medium nutrients
thermocline
some algae in late summer
eutrophic
high nutrients, shallow murky water, sediment buildup, many plants
lakes with a lot of silt impact light T F
T light attenuation
density salt water greater than or less than freshwater
greater than
why differences in salinity
currents, evap, lakes going into ocean, etc.
what drives tides
centripital force and grav pull
spring tide
grav force from sun and moon working together (new moon) biggest tides
why do coriolis happen
earths rotation
right northern hemisphere
convection currents cause
trade winds
what drives the amount of precip in atmosphere
subtropic convergence zone
gyres
warm current circulating with cold currents (columbus)
+ CO2 = + or - pH of ocean
-
CO2 bio pump =
• Input of carbon dioxide into oceans = biological pump = basis of food web= connection of CO2 driving primary production in ocean = basis of life
Light = energy
biolimiting nutrients
N and P
C:N:P redfield ratio
106 16 1
upwelling, bring up
nutrients (more prod.)
La Nina / El Nino
wind patterns occuring in the southern pacific ocean drives upwelling
polar regions
• Low light levels
• Cold temp
• Nutrient rich
• Biologically productive
Mostly plankton and microbes
temperate regions
• Between 23.5N and 60 N (or south)
• Moderate light levels
• Seasonal temperatures
• Nutrient rich coastlines
Biologically productive
Tropical regions
• High light levels
• High temp
• Nutrient poor
Biologically diverse
ecotone
transition zone between biotic communitiies
Wetlands
area of land where soil saturated with moisture permanently or seasonally
acts as a filter for water
Bogs
○ Precipitation dominated
○ Peat deposits and sphagnum moss
○ Acidic waters
○ Low nutrients
○ Waterlogged
Often underlain by permafrost
Vernal pool, wet meadow, wet prarie
○ Precipitation dominated
○ Areas of high interannual variation in precipitation
○ Depressions formed following last glaciation
Important habitat for over 50% of NA migratory waterfowl
fen
○ Nutrients and water from the ground
○ Mostly northern hemisphere
○ Less acic higher nutrients than bogs
○ Higher diversity than bogs
Peat-forming
Marsh
○ Surface water dominated
○ Frequent or conditionally inundated with water
○ Often open water
○ Emergent vegetation
○ High nutrients neutral pH
○ Tidal freshwater marsh
Water influenced by tides but too far upstream to be inundated by salt water
Hydrological functions of a wetland
reduce water flow = less floods
groundwater recharge and discharge
Nictification
inorganic nitrogen to ammonium, nitrate, then nitrite
4 types of wetland flora
emergent
floating
submerged
estuaries
semi enclosed costal embayment with river discharge
Shorelines
rate of sediment accreation vs sediment removal
things that affect zonation
temp
salinity
wave impact
competition
Rocky intertidal zone
high tide- underwater low tide-out of water zone
