Waste Water and Water purification

Question 1

slides 2-4

Answer 1

good start lol

Question 2

what is wastewater?

Answer 2

domestic sewage or liquid industrial waste

Question 3

describe waste water treatment (2)

Answer 3

1. ) Relies on industrial-scale use of microbes for bioconversion
2. ) Following treatment, the discharged treated wastewater (effluent water) is suitable for
   - Release into surface waters
   - Release to drinking water purification facilities
   - But NOT FOR DRINKING

Question 4

what is the goal of sewage wastewater treatment?

Answer 4

reduce organic and inorganic materials in wastewater to a level that no longer supports microbial growth and to eliminate other potentially toxic materials
*has lead to a major reduction in spread of pathogens

Question 5

slides 7-9

Answer 5

more shit about wastewater

Question 6

for the wastewater treatment process, describe primary treatment

Answer 6

Physical

• removes solid material and forms sludge
• uses physical separation methods to separate solid and particulate organic and inorganic materials from wastewater (screening and sedimentation)

Question 7

for the wastewater treatment process, describe secondary treatment

Answer 7

Biological
-dissolved organic matter transformed into microbial biomass and carbon dioxide by aerobic respiration and fermentative reactions carried out by various microbes
(forms stable floc – settles well)
(bulking sludge – does not settle properly)
-activated sludge system
(horizontal flow of materials with recycling of sludge)

Question 8

What are 2 wastewater treatment processes? describe them

Answer 8

1. ) Tricking filter
   - waste effluent passed over rocks/solid materials with microbial biofilms; the community degrades the organic waste
2. ) Extended aeration
   - reduces amount of sludge produced by using microbial biomass for energy requirements

Question 9

slides 14 and 15

Answer 9

woooo:)

Question 10

describe tertiary treatment (4)

Answer 10

• Any physiochemical or biological process employing bioreactors, precipitation, filtration, or chlorination procedures similar to those used for purification of drinking water
• Reduces the levels of inorganic nutrients (e.g., phosphate, nitrate, nitrite)
• Removes heavy metals
• Most complete method of treating sewage but it has not been widely adopted due to costs

Question 11

describe water purification

Answer 11

slides 18-21

Question 12

Sanitary/Health Analysis of Waters is based on….

Answer 12

detecting indicator organisms in water samples

• indicate fecal contamination of water supplies
• indicate possible contamination by human pathogens

Question 13

what are 2 commonly used indicators?

Answer 13

Coliforms
Fecal streptococci
-increasingly used to test brackish and marine water

Question 14

describe Coliforms (2)

Answer 14

• Facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, nonsporing, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 hours at 35°C
• Traditional method of detection is multiple-tube fermentation test

Question 15

what are Some Other Tests for Indicator Organisms? (3)

Answer 15

-Membrane filtration technique
-Presence-absence (P-A) test
-Molecular analysis
flow cytometry
quantitative PCRs

Question 16

describe membrane filtration technique

Answer 16

slide 28

Question 17

describe Presence-absence test (5)

Answer 17

-Modification of MPN
-uses larger water sample (100 ml)
-Sample added to lactose containing medium
(contains pH indicator to detect acid productio_
-Based on assumption that no indicator organisms should be present in 100 ml of water
-Detects total coliforms and fecal coliforms