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waste water Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following well types if the most protected from surface contamination?
A. artesian water
B. infiltration gallery
C. rock well
D. shallow well
A

A. Artesian well

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2
Q

One major factor that leads to reservoir turnover is:
A. the lower strata being warmer than the upper strata
B. the upper strata becoming more dense and sinking to the bottom
C. the upper and lower strata reaching the same temperature
D. decaying organic matter causing a gaseous movement

A

B.

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3
Q 
Which of the following elements cause hardness in water?
A. sodium and potassium
B. nitrogen and sulfur 
C. fluoride and oxygen
D. calcium and magnesium
A

D (also known as CaCO3)

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4
Q 
The primary health risk associated with volatile organic chemical (VOC'S) is:
A. Cancer
B. acute respiratory disease
C. "blue baby" syndrome 
D. reduced I.Q. in children
A

A

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5
Q

The term “primacy” means the
A. authority by the states to supersede USEPA drinking water regulations
B. authority by the USEPA to supersede state drinking water regulations
C. requirement for states to maintain drinking water regulations more stringent than the USEPA regulations
D. primary authority for implementation and enforcement of drinking water regulations=

A

D

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6
Q 
Lead in drinking water can result in 
A. impaired mental functioning in children
B. Prostate cancer in men
C. stomach and intestinal disorders
D. reduced white blood cell count
A

A

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7
Q 
pH is a measure of 
A. conductivity 
B. waters ability to neutralize acid 
C. hydrogen ion activity 
D. dissolved solids
A

C

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8
Q 
The problem caused by dissolved carbon dioxide in the water is
A. increased trihalomethanes (THMS)
B. corrosion
C. excessive encrustation in pipes
D. tastes and odors
A

B

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9
Q 
a major health risk associated with nitrites and nitrates is 
A. cancer
B. acute respiratory disease
C. "blue baby" syndrome 
D. reduced I.Q. in children
A

C

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10
Q 
A primary source of volatile organic chemical (VOC) contamination of water supplies is
A. agricultural pesticides 
B. industrial solvents 
C. acid rain
D. agricultural fertilizers
A

B

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11
Q

The term “surface runoff” refers to
A. rainwater that soaks into the ground
B. rain that returns to the atmosphere from the earths surface
C. surface water that overflows the banks of rivers
D. water that flows into rivers after a rainfall

A

D

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12
Q

The term “maximum containment level goal (MCLG)” means the:

A

level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there are no known or suspected adverse health effects with a margin of safety

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13
Q 
Which of the following elements does ion exchange softening increase in the finished water?
A. calcium 
B. magnesium 
C. manganese 
D. sodium
A

D

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14
Q

Which water supply tends to have the most stable water turbidity, but is much more subject to algae growth?

A

Lakes

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15
Q

The drawdown in a well is measured from

A

the static water level to the pumping water level

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16
Q

The water table is defined as the

A

upper surface of the groundwater

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17
Q

Which of the following best defines the term specific capacity?
A. amount of water a given volume of saturated rock or sediment will yield to gravity
B. amount of water a given volume of saturated rock or sediment will yield to pumping
C. rate at which water would flow in an aquifer if the aquifer were an open conduit
D. amount of water a well will produce for each foot of a drawdown

A

D

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18
Q 
The most common type of well used for public water supply systems is a 
A. jetted well
B. driven well
C. drilled well
D. bored well
A

C

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19
Q

When a permit is required to enter a confined space, who may sign the permit?

A

The supervisor

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20
Q

Why should you contact other area companies with underground utilities before starting an underground repair job?

A

To ask the companies to mark the location of their utilities in the area of the repair job

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21
Q

Is it essential to ventilate a valve vault before entry in order to:

A

remove dangerous gasses

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22
Q

Flammable liquids require what type of fire extinguisher?

A

Class B

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23
Q

Turning off the power to a piece of equipment and blocking it so it cannot be turned back of is known as:

A

Lockout/Tagout

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24
Q 
Bar screens are used to
A. remove turbidity 
B. remove debris 
C. cover pipes 
D. size sand
A

B

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25
Q

Algae can shorten filter runs by

A

Clogging the filters

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26
Q

What is the recommended loading rate for copper sulfate for algae control at an alkalinity less than 50 mg/L?

A

0.9 lbs of copper sulfate per acre-ft

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27
Q

Copper sulfate shall be controlled to prevent copper in the plant effluent or distribution system in excess of how much?

A

1.0 mg/L

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28
Q 
Which of the following chemicals is not recommended for the control of tastes and odors from algae?
A. chlorine 
B. chlorine dioxide 
C. ozone 
D. potassium permanganate
A

A

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29
Q

the main objection to “red water” is that it:

A

stains plumbing and clothing

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30
Q

One cubic foot of water weighs:

A

62.4 pounds

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31
Q 
Which of the following forms of iron is the most soluble in water?
A. ferric
B. ferric hydroxide 
C. ferrous 
D. ferrous oxide
A

C.

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32
Q

Aeration in water treatment plants is used to:

A

reduce concentrations of dissolved gases

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33
Q 
Which of the following is colorless, odorless, lighter than air, highly flammable, and sometimes called swamp gas? 
A. hydrogen sulfide
B. methane
C. chlorine 
D. radon
A

B.

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34
Q

In general, when the pH of treated water is below 6.5 it indicates what?

A

water that tends to be corrosive

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35
Q

What effect will the addition of lime, caustic soda, or soda ash have on the pH of water?

A

Increase the pH

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36
Q

Alum and ferric sulfate may have poor coagulation due to:

A

Low alkalinity in the water

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37
Q

In conventional coagulation, the average time to develop heavy floc particles is?

A

30 minutes

38
Q 
Which of the following factors affects the settling rate of particles? 
A. particle size
B. clarifier circumference 
C. filter surface loading rate
D. method of prechlorination
A

A

39
Q

A venturi tube increases the velocity and decreases the pressure as water flows through the unit. This type of tube is used to:

A

measure the rate of water flowing through it

40
Q 
Which of the following types of meters has no moving parts
A. rotameter
B. venturi
C. proportional 
D. propeller
A

B

41
Q

What chemical feeder measures chemicals by weight?

A

Gravimetric dry feeder

42
Q

Manual mix chemicals require the make-up water to be delivered by:

A

Air gap

43
Q

Monitoring and control equipment often communicate with the SCADA system via

A

4-20 mA signal

44
Q

What is BOD?

A

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) represents how much oxygen is needed to break down organic matter in water.

45
Q

What is the advanced stage of activated sludge called when bacteria oxidize their own cell mass?

A

Endogenous respiration

46
Q

What chemical is typically used to neutralize leaking chlorine gas?

A

Sodium hydroxide

47
Q

What is the electrical system called that prevents corrosion on steel surfaces in contact with water or soil?

A

Cathodic protection

48
Q

Which is the only adjustment that will result in the belt filter press discharging more pounds of solids in the cake each hour of operation?

A

Increase the sludge feed rate

49
Q

What type of trickling filter would be more likely to receive 15 million gallons per acres per day?

A

High rate

50
Q

Increasing the air saturation into the recycle stream can be accomplished two ways. What is one of the methods?

A

Increasing the amount of air into the pressurization tank

51
Q

What type of solids cannot be removed with typical effluent filters?

A

Dissolved

52
Q

Which adjustment will normally improve denitrification in an aeration tank?

A

Decrease the D.O.

53
Q

What does the following formula represent?

OUR, mg/l/hr ÷ TS, gm/l = mg/hr/gm

A

SOUR (The Specific Oxygen Utilization Rate)

54
Q

What are the two types of gaseous poisoning with chlorine called?

A

Dry and Wet

55
Q

Given the OP data, inlet and outlet of the fermentation tanks, does this indicate good operational performance?
• Fermentation Effluent OP is 20.5 mg/l
• Inlet OP is 8.0 mg/l

A

Yes, the OP should be 2 to 3 times the concentration of the tank inlet

56
Q

Given the following data, what level of TKN has been removed in this BNR plant?
• Influent TKN is 25.5 mg/l
• Effluent TKN is 1.5 mg/l
• Biology has taken-up 2.0 mg/l TKN

A

22.0 mg/l

57
Q

What is a typical range for gas production in a properly operated anaerobic digestion process?

A

11 to 20 ft3 per lb VS reduced

58
Q

Which adjustments may be more appropriate to make if the aeration inlet OUR is 30 mg/l/hr, the aeration tank foam is very dark, and the aeration outlet ammonia level is too high?

A

Increase the aeration air supply and increase the WAS rate

59
Q

Which time of day will generally produce the highest D.O. in an unaerated stabilization pond?

A

9 p.m.

60
Q

What is the best tool for ensuring safe working conditions in a confined space?

A

Confined space entry permit

61
Q

Which chemical is most commonly used in a wet scrubber odor control system when dealing with H2S gas?

A

Sodium hydroxide

62
Q

What is the human threshold of hydrogen sulfide gas?

A

0.0005 mg/l

63
Q

What is the minimum velocity in a sanitary sewer pipeline necessary to prevent settling of solids and debris?

A

2 fps

64
Q

Sedimentation is a process that _______ suspended matter

A

settles

65
Q

If poorly formed flox is leaving the settles basin, what should be done?

A

Increase the coagulant or add a coagulant aid

66
Q

All sedimentation basins have how many zones?

A

4

67
Q

For a sharp crested weir, which side of the weir would you expect to see beveled?

A

Downstream

68
Q

According to EPA, sedimentation is based on a theoretical detention time of:

A

4 hours

69
Q

For public water systems using surface water and groundwater under the influence of surface water, turbidity mut be measured at least

A

Every 4 hours

70
Q

The filter medium in DE filters is

A

Diatomaceous earth

71
Q

Which of the following do long filter runs tend to cause?

A

Slime growths

72
Q

Gravity filters are cleaned of built up chemicals and dirt by process known as

A

Backwashing

73
Q

What is the black filter media in a dual media or multi media filter?

A

Anthracite

74
Q

Four log removal is

A

99.99%

75
Q

An increase in which of the following causes the chlorine demand to increase?

A

Organic matter

76
Q

Chlorine is the most commonly used in water treatment for

A

Disinfection

77
Q

The total coliform rule is based first on

A

Presence or absence of coliforms in a sample

78
Q

The primary origin of coliforms in water supplies is

A

Fecal contamination by warm blooded animals

79
Q

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of chlorine when used for disinfection in drinking water?

A

green-ish yellow, nonflammable, heavier than air

80
Q

Which of the following best describes chlorine demand?

A

The difference between the amount of chlorine added and the amount of residual chlorine remaining after a given contact time

81
Q

Killing of pahtogenic organisms in water treatment is called

A

Disinfection

82
Q

Sodium hypochlorite is

A

a commercially available chlorine solution

83
Q

Sodium thiosulfate is used to

A

neutralize chlorine residuals

84
Q

The presence of total coliforms in drinking water indicates

A

the potential presence of pathogens

85
Q

A primary health risk associated with microorganisms in drinking water is

A

acute gastrointestinal disease

86
Q

An operator uses _________ to test for residual chlorine

A

DPD

87
Q

What is the causative organism for cholera

A

Vibrio

88
Q

A single sample taken without considering time of day or the rate of flow is called a ________ sample

A

grab

89
Q

total coliform samples are considered to be

A

flushed

90
Q

when taking routine bac-t sample, the sampler should also check what?

A

coliforms

91
Q

a household faucet must remain unused for how many hours before a first draw sample is collected for analyses of lead and copper?

A

6 hours

92
Q

lead and copper are both based on

A

90th percentile action levels

waste water (1 decks)

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