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Poultry > Waste Management > Flashcards

Waste Management Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ammonia (NH3)

A

pungent-smelling gas produced during the microbial degradation of animal waste

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2
Q

Define Ammonium (NH4+)

A

ionized form of ammonia. One of two chemical forms of nitrogen that is able to be absorbed and utilized by plants

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3
Q

Define Animal Unit (AU)

A

equal to 500 kg (1,102 lbs) of live animal weight. roughly the weight of one cow

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4
Q

Define Anthropogenic

A

relating to or resulting from the influences of human beings on nature

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5
Q

Define attainable use

A

a use which can be reasonably achieved by a water body in accordance with its physical, biological, and chemical characteristics whether it is currently meeting that use or not

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6
Q

Define AFO (Animal Feeding Operation)

A

agricultural enterprises where animals are kept and raised in confined situations. AFO’s congregate animals, feed, manure and urine, dead animals, and production operations on a small land area. Feed is brought to the animals rather than the animals grazing or otherwise seeking feed in pastures, fields, or on rangeland

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7
Q

There are approximately ______ AFOs in the U.S.

A

450,000

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8
Q

Define Best Management Practice (BMP)

A

schedules of activities, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce a specific problem to the maximum extent practicable

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9
Q

Define CAFO (concentrated animal feeding operation)

A

an animal feeding operation that must have an operating permit from a regulatory agency due to the facility’s capacity for a particular species and the manure handling system being utilized

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10
Q

Define CAA (clean air act)

A

federal law first passed in 1970 and amended in 1990 to reduce air pollution and address air quality problems. Under the Clean Air Act, EPA sets limits on certain air pollutants, including setting limits on how much can be in the air anywhere in the US

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11
Q

Define CWA (clean water act)

A

federal law passed in 1972 and amended in 2002 . Established the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the US. Gives EPA the authority to implement pollution control programs such as setting wastewater standards for industry

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12
Q

Define CERCLA (comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act)

A

“Superfund law”, enacted by Congress in 1980. Created a tax on the petroleum and chemical industries and provided federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment

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13
Q

Define designated use

A

a use which is assigned to specific water bodies in the Texas Water Quality Standards

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14
Q

Typical uses which may be designated for specific water bodies include:

A

domestic water supply, categories of aquatic life use, recreation categories, and aquifer protection

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15
Q

Define EPCRA (emergency planning and community right-to-know act)

A

passed by Congress as part of the Superfund amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). Also known as SARA Title III.

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16
Q

Two basic goals of EPCRA:

A
  1. increase public knowledge of and access to information on the presence of toxic chemicals in communities, release of toxic chemicals in communities and into the environment, and waste management activities
  2. encourage and support planning for responding to environmental emergencies
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17
Q

Define EPA (environmental protection agency)

A

federal agency responsible for enforcement of laws protecting environmental quality

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18
Q

Define ecology

A

a branch of science concerned with the interrelationships of organisms and their environments

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19
Q

Define eutrophication

A

the process by which a body of water becomes, either naturally or by pollution, rich in dissolved nutrients (usually nitrogen and phosphorus) and becomes deficient in dissolved oxygen

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20
Q

Define holism

A

a theory that the universe and especially living nature is correctly seen in terms of interacting wholes (as of living organisms) that are more than the mere sum of elementary particles

21
Q

Define holistic

A

relating to or concerned with complete systems rather then with the analysis of, treatment of, or dissection into parts. From an ecological viewpoint, man and the environment are a single system, not separate parts

22
Q

Define nonpoint source pollution

A

pollution that aggregates from many areas or sources and therefore cannot be attributed to a single or “point” source where the pollution originated

23
Q

Define nutrient

A

compound needed by a living organism which provides nourishment to live and grow.

24
Q

In animals, we think of nutrients in terms of:

A 
protein and amino acids
carbs
fats
vitamins
minerals
25
Q

In plants, the major nutrients are:

A

nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium

26
Q

Define nutrient cycling

A

movement of elements in the environment from inorganic forms into living organisms, and then back into inorganic forms through metabolism or death and decomposition

27
Q

Define nutrient management

A

managing the amount, source, placement, form, and timing of the application of plant nutrients and soil amendments

28
Q

Define PM (particulate matter)

A

very small particles, usually in reference to small particulates in the air

29
Q

Define PM(2.5)

A

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less

30
Q

Define PM(10)

A

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less

31
Q

Define TCEQ (texas commission on environmental quality)

A

lead state agency for environmental quality and regulation in the state of texas

32
Q

Define TMDL (total maximum daily load)

A

a program that determines the amount by which pollution must be reduced to restore water quality in impaired and threatened streams, lakes, and bays.

33
Q

Define VOC (volatile organic compound)

A

broad classification of organic compounds that can volatize into the air and are considered pollutants due to effects on human health and environmental damage

34
Q

Define watershed

A

an area of land that water flows across, through, or under on its way to a stream, river, lake, or ocean

35
Q

What are the plant macronutrients?

A

N - nitrogen
P - phosphorus
K - potassium

36
Q

The macronutrient ______ is volatile

A

Nitrogen

37
Q

Nutrient loss can negatively impact which parts of the environment?

A

The air
Soil
Water

38
Q

What are the secondary nutrients?

A

C- calcium
Mg - magnesium
S- sulfur

39
Q

Nutrient loss can occur in which chemical states?

A

All chemical states (solid, liquid and gas)

40
Q

Which land use results in the highest E. coli runoff content according to data presented in class?

A

a grazed pasture

41
Q

A ______ is a collection of many smaller watersheds that are organized together based on a river or portion of coastline

A

basin

42
Q

Which chemical form of nitrogen is a concern regarding the potential for subsurface water contamination?

A

Nitrate

43
Q

“TMDL” stands for ______.

A

Total Maximum Daily Load

44
Q

What are the physical measures of water quality?

A

Temperature
Total suspended solids (TSS)
Turbidity

45
Q

The nitrogen to phosphorus ratio of poultry litter is typically about ______.

A

2:1

46
Q

The carbon to nitrogen ratio of poultry litter used for more than 4 flocks is ______.

A

10:1

47
Q

Caked litter is usually ______% moisture content

A

35-55

48
Q

Manure slurries are ______% solids content

A

4-12

49
Q

Total litter production from broilers is approximately ______ tons per 1000 birds grown

A

1-1.5

Poultry (2 decks)

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