Washington and Adams Presidency Flashcards
Washington Administration 1788-1796
Establishing the Government - Judiciary Act 1789
Establishes the outline of the supreme court. Get a Chief Justice, John Jay
Washington Administration 1788-1796
Establishing the Government - The Cabinet
Thomas Jefferson= Secretary of State
Hamilton = Sec. of Treasury
Knox = Sec of war
Randolph = Attorney General
Political Parties Form
Federalists - State’s Rights
Bill of Rights stating the civil liberties of the civilians, #2-8. The tenth says that you have more rights than what is specifically stated and these rights are left up to the state to decide. Gives them wiggle room.
Political Parties Form
Federalists - National Debt
Hamilton wants to take all of the national debt and put it on the federal government. This ties the wealthy who didn’t get their money back from the war to the success of the government. Calls for a strong federal government tied to the elite. Virginia is promised to be made the Capital of the colonies since they don’t have any debt.
Political Parties Form
Federalists - Tariffs
Hamilton’s uses protective tariffs on British imports in order to circulate and create revenue for the manufacturing industry. Upsets south merchants and farmers who primarily sell to Britain who put a tariff back on them.
Political Parties Form
Federalists - National Bank
Put the money in a national bank in order to spread out their money. Gives money to new business men and whoever wants to start industry, stimulates business. Allows them to print out currency. The bank causes a debate with Jefferson, saying that they didn’t have a right to create a national bank = loose vs strict construction. Bank is chartered for 20 years in 1791
Political Parties Form
Federalists - French Revolution
There is a revolution in France. many see it as a continuation of the American Revolution for the will of the people. Fear that the rebellious nature will spread in there, fearful that their federalists who are the new elite will be eliminated. Don’t want the mobocracy to be theirs, afraid of putting the common people in control. Don’t want to help them in the war and side with Britain because they’re main trading partner.
Political Parties Form
Federalists - Common Man
Political Parties Form
Federalists - Leaders
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - State’s Rights
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - National Debt
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - Tariffs
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - French Revolution
There is a revolution in France. many see it as a continuation of the American Revolution for the will of the people. Democratic-Republicans support the war in France and see it as a win for the common men in France. Want to jump in on their side and help France. Want to honor their treaty of Saratoga.
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - Common Man
Political Parties Form
Democratic Republicans - Leaders
Washington’s Foreign Policies
Problems with British
Angry that the US is trading with France, so they start seizing US ships and pressing US sailors. Blockade the French West Indies. Give guns to the natives. Doesn’t respect our rights as a soverign state.
Washington’s Foreign Policies
Neutrality Proclamation 1793
See the country as a weak country, want to build it up and should trade with everybody to stay out of war. Shouldn’t get involved in political or foreign affairs. Helps build economy. First example of isolationism. Expansion of presidential power, can make an executive decision on where people stand.
Washington’s Foreign Policies
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Want to avoid the war with England. Send John Jay to England. Promised to evacuate forts, pay damages for seized ships to help northern merchants. Us promises to pressure citizens to pay back pre-revolution debts. Really unpopular with Democratic republicans.
Washington’s Foreign Policies
Pickney’s Treaty
Right of deposit granted with the Spanish. Can trade going down the Mississippi.
Washington’s Farwell Address 1796
Political Parties
Shun political parties, as it causes too much tension and disunity between parties. Divides the people and opens the door for foreign influence.
Washington’s Farwell Address 1796
Foreign Alliances
Urges Americans to avoid entangling alliances
Washington’s Farwell Address 1796
Two Term Precedent
Could have easily went into a third term, but he leaves willingly and sets the precedent for 2 term presidents.
National Identity in Art
Westward Migration
Land Act/Ordinance of 1785
Land west is given to the federal government. Land is surveyed and measured, and each area is going to be called a township. Some is reserved for public land, and some is for school funds. New England helps fund education, especially as some people migrate from NE to the west. Problem is it favors the private land companies over farmers. Starts land speculation boom. Doesn’t benefit farmers, but helps pay off debt.
Westward Migration
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Sets up a system of government in the western territories. As you’re gaining population, you’re under a territorial government. Look to the congress under the articles who are governing you. Then there is statehood. Once you reach 60,000 people, you can apply for statehood.
Westward Migration
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
Taxed on the production of whiskey. It was Hamilton’s idea of the Excise tax to get rid of some of the national debt. Hurts the farmers out west who were anti-federalists. Another example of East West conflicts. Protesting the Whiskey tax, but there was now a standing army that could put the rebellion down.
Westward Migration
Legal Problems with Tribes
The Treaty of Greenville doesn’t apply to all the neighboring tribes, so there is still resistance from other tribes.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Election of 1796
Hamilton too unpopular, and John Adams will the Federalist pick. Thomas Jefferson is the Democratic-Republican pick. He is strongest under the south and the farmers. Wants a country of farmers. Thomas Jefferson becomes the VP because he came in second. Causes the 12th amendment to come into fruition.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Foreign Policy - Problems with France
France dominates Adam’s Presidency. France is at war with Britain, and high federalists want to go to war with France to be closer with Britain. Franco-American Treaty of 1778 still means they’re allied. See Jay’s treaty as a betrayal. France begins seizing Us merchant ships and causes an undeclared war.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Foreign Policy - XYZ Affair
Sends John Marshall and 2 others to France to discuss with their Minister, Talleyrand. They need to pay 250,000 to meet with French foreign minister. They decide not to pay, so they have an undeclared war with France. Marine Corp created and department of Navy created under Adams. Increases taxes. Public demands war but Adams tries one more time for peace.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Foreign Policy - Convention of 1800
France will annul the previous treaty after the XYZ affair tactic is gone. The US will pay French Damages against our own merchants. Makes southerners mad because most of the merchants are federalists. Paves the way for the future peaceful Louisiana purchase.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Domestic Issues - Alien and Sedition Acts 1798
Federalists want to silence outspoken Democratic Republicans, because they’re Franco-philes. Makes it illegal to criticize federal government. Alien acts makes residency requirements 5 to 14 years. Many immigrants were farmers and many were to become DR. Makes the DR power weaker.
Adams Administration 1796-1800
Domestic Issues - Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Democratic republicans protest against Alien and Sedition acts. Thomas and James Madison argue that states have the fundamental rights that the federal government cannot abridge. States should be allowed to nullify federal laws that they judge to be unconstitutional. However, only the judicial branch can choose what is constitutional, not states.
