was-flashcards v2
1
Q
What exactly is ARIA?
A
ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Application) is the acronym for Accessible Rich Internet Application. In other words: ARIA has no procedural logic or interactivity on its own. To create a interactive widget, you need to use JavaScript to give the content functionality, and you use ARIA to label things appropriately with names, roles, states, properties, and relationships. ARIA is essentially an API for communicating this information to screen readers.
2
Q
What can ARIA do?
A
labels or names for items (e.g. using aria-label or aria-labelledby or similar) roles, role=”navigation”, role=”main” etc. states of dynamic/interactive components (e.g. aria-selected=”true”, aria-expanded=”true”, aria-hidden=”true”) properties of items (e.g. aria-haspopup=”true”) relationships between items (e.g. aria-owns, aria-controls, both of which describe a kind of parent-child relationship where one item owns or controls another) live announcements in real-time that are passed on to screen readers
3
Q
True or False If there is an aria-labelledby attribute, the text it refers to will override all other name and label methods.
A
True
4
Q
In practice, screen reader support for aria-label and aria-labelledby is best on which elements?
A
Focusable elements (<a>, ````, etc.). Support is not as good on non-focusable elements (<p>, </p><div>, <span>, <h1>, etc.).</h1></span>`` Elements with semantic meaning, as opposed to the elements that do not have semantic meaning (like <div> and <span>).</span> Application regions (role=”application”). But be very careful with application regions, because they disable most of the screen reader’s regular keyboard shortcuts. on elements inside an application region (e.g. <div>)</div></div></div></a>
5
Q
What landmark regions do you know? What native HTML Landmarks?
A
Available landmark regions include: application banner complementary contentinfo form main navigation search HTML 5 defines landmarks as well, with such tags as: (equivalent to role="banner") (equivalent to role=”navigation”) (equivalent to role="main") (equivalent to role=”complementary”) (equivalent to role="contentinfo")````````
6
Q
What are the most important ARIA Roles?
A
alert alertdialog application dialog group log marquee menu menubar menuitem menuitemcheckbox menuitemradio progressbar separator slider spinbutton status tab tablist tabpanel timer toolbar tooltip tree treegrid treeitem
7
Q
pseudo-HTML roles
A
button checkbox columnheader combobox contentinfo form grid gridcell heading img link listbox listitem option radio radiogroup row rowgroup rowheader scrollbar textbox
8
Q
All of the following are ways to communicate the names of elements, EXCEPT: A. aria-labelledby B. C. role=”name” D. aria-label
A
C. role=”name”
9
Q
True or False: aria-label and aria-labelledby consistently work for labelling non-semantic elements such as <div> and <span>.</span></div>
A
false
10
Q
The purpose of ARIA roles is to: A. Provide the name of the element. B. Define what the element is. C. Identify the state of the element. D. None of the above.
A
B. Define what the element is.
11
Q
Which type of ARIA roles are used to convey the layout of a web page? A. Landmark roles B. Abstract roles C. Pseudo HTML roles. D. Widget roles
A
A. Landmark roles
12
Q
True or False: It is best to use actual HTML elements instead of pseudo HTML roles so developers don’t always have to create functionality for elements by using JavaScript.
A
-true
13
Q
True or False: Assigning role=”application” to a region disables most screen reader keystrokes within the region to allow developers to create custom keystrokes.
A
True
14
Q
Which role should be assigned within an application region to give screen readers access to regular text in the region? A. Presentation role B. Main role C. Note role D. Document role
A
D. Document role
15
Q
ARIA attributes like aria-expanded, aria-checked, and aria-busy convey what information to screen reader users? A. The names of elements. B. The states of elements. C. The roles of elements. D. None of the above.
A
B. The states of elements.
16
Q
Which ARIA attribute is used to provide additional information about an element? A. aria-labelledby B. aria-describedby C. role=”description” D. aria-label
A
B. aria-describedby
17
Q
True or False: The difference between aria-live=”assertive” and aria-live=”polite” is that aria-live=”assertive” waits for a screen reader to finish its current statement before announcing new content. A. True B. False
A
False
18
Q
True or False: ARIA is a programming language that communicates information like names, roles, and values to screen readers.
A
False
19
Q
True or False: ARIA was invented to increase screen reader accessibility, especially for interactive scripts.
A
True
20
Q
There are 82 ARIA roles. Each role falls into a category. Do you know these categories?
A
Abstract (don’t use these), Widget, Document structure, Landmark, Live region, Window
21
Q
What defines WAI ARIA?
A
It defines attributes that can be added to standard HTML to define the name, role and values (Properties and states) of elements, especially for custom widgets.
22
Q
What are characteristics of aria-label? A: Invisible B: Related to the ID of another element C: Contains a string D: Does not allow the text to be clicked E: Defines a new name for the element, which usually comes from its content F: A,C,D,E
A
F: A,C,D,E A: Invisible C: Contains a string D: Does not allow the text to be clicked E: Defines a new name for the element, which usually comes from its content
23
Q
What are characteristics of aria-labelledby? A: Defines a new name for the element, which usually comes from its content B: Related to the ID of another element C: Can relate multiple ids from different elements D: The related texts are normally visible in the page E: Replace the element name presented to assistive technologies that usually comes from its content F: B,C,D,E
A
F: B,C,D,E B: Related to the ID of another element C: Can relate multiple ids from different elements D: The related texts are normally visible in the page E: Replace the element name presented to assistive technologies that usually comes from its content
24
Q
What are characteristics of aria-describedby? A: Relates the id of another element. B: Provide additional information to the element C: Invisible D: A, B
A
A: Relates the id of another element. B: Provide additional information to the element
25
True or Fales: A button can get the role “heading” for example: ``Für Screenreader ist das jetzt eine Überschrift`` im Button Tag steht role=”heading”. Aus irgendwelchen Gründen wird das oben nicht angezeigt
false A button is a component that allows interaction. A heading, on the other hand, is a structuring element that does not allow interaction in the browser. Therefore, a button must not be given the heading role.
26
A button should also be marked as a heading (e.g. in an accordion), which construct is correct? A: ```Für Screenreader ist das jetzt eine Überschrift``` B: ``
```` Für Screenreader ist das eine Schaltfläche in einer Überschrift`````
`
B: ``
```` Für Screenreader ist das eine Schaltfläche in einer Überschrift`````
`
27
Are A and B an allowable nesting (Verschachtelung) of roles? A: a link in a button: ````````` B: a button in a button element: ``
`Wie soll das semantisch übersetzt werden?`````
` Hinweis: Endtag von div und span wurden weggelassen, da sonst nicht sichtbar
No, A and B are not allowed.
28
Look at the example. Is the button enabled for screenreaders? Yes or no? ``Ist das im Screenreader deaktiviert oder nicht?``
No the button is disabled for screenreader The HTML attribute “disabled” has priority over the ARIA attribute “disabled=”false”
29
True or false: If an HTML attribute and an ARIA attribute have the same semantics, then the HTML attribute takes precedence (Vorrang) over the ARIA attribute.
True
30
What takes precedence when assigning a role with the role attribute? The implicit, native value (HTML standard) or the ARIA role? A: the ARIA Role B: the implicit value
A: the ARIA Role Adding an ARIA role overrides the native role semantics in the accessibility tree for example `
`text`< /h1>` h1 will no longer appear in the list of headings for screen readers `
`
31
What takes precedence when an HTML attribute and an ARIA attribute have the same semantics? A: the ARIA Attribut B: the HTML Attribut
B: the HTML Attribut overrides the ARIA attribut Example: ``Ist das im Screenreader deaktiviert oder nicht?`` For Screenreader the button would be disabled. Wenn ein HTML- und ein ARIA-Attribut die gleiche Semantik haben, dann hat das HTML-Attribut Vorrang vor dem ARIA-Attribut. Das disabled-Attribut ist entscheidend. Der Button wird eingegraut und ist weder per Maus noch per Tastatur aktivierbar. Für Screenreader ist das Element deaktiviert. Das ARIA-Attribut sagt aber das Gegenteil, nämlich dass das Element nicht deaktiviert ist. In solchen Fällen ist auf das ARIA-Attribut zu verzichten.
32
What is ARIA not?
ARIA does not provide functionality, but enriches elements with information. If a component on a web page has been semantically enriched with ARIA, then it must be made usable with JavaScript and styled with CSS
33
One ARIA Rules say: Do not change native semantics, unless you really have to. What is the correct code if the developer wants to build a heading that’s a tab. A: `
`heading tab`
` B: ```
`
`heading tab`
``
B: `
``
`
`heading tab`
``
34
One Aria rule say that all interactive elements must have an accessible name. Which code is wrong (should be 2)? A: ``user name`` `` B: ``user name ```` C: ``user name`` `` D: ``user name `` `` E: `` user name `
``
` `` Hinweis: Es wurden Punkte gesetzt vor dem Endtag damit es sichtbar ist
A and E A: ``user name`` `` A is wrong because the input type=text has a visible label ‘user name’ , but no accessible name E: is wrong because a div element regardless of what role is assigned is not a HTML labelable element. ``user name `
``
`
35
Why does the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the W3C created WAI-ARIA?
They created WAI-ARIA to increase the accessibility of content – dynamic content in particular – for assistive technology users, such as screen reader users.
36
Name one goal of WAI-ARIA
One of the goals of WAI-ARIA is to make web applications behave more like software components
37
What SHOULD be used if the label text is visible on screen?
If the label text is visible on screen, authors SHOULD use aria-labelledby and SHOULD NOT use aria-label. Note: You type the id of another element with aria-labelledby. You don’t type the label text itself.
38
For which elements is aria-label support the best?
on focusable elements (``, ````, etc.),`` on elements inside an application region (e.g. `
`)
39
Normally you would use HTML ``-`
`-`` for heading How can you ensure accessible for visual heading in a ``, ``, `` that cant be turned into an html heading?`
`
`, ``, `
` that cant be turned into an html heading?`
`
Use the aria-level attribute: `` This is a heading 2, change the number to correct heading level.
40
For Forms: How can you associate error messages with their corresponding input?
Use aria-describedby to associate error messages with their corresponding inputs. It is presented to the screen reader separately from the accessible name (label) and doesn’t override it like the aria-label or aria-labelledby.
41
How should informative text within the `` element be referenced?``
All informative `` elements inside `` elements MUST be referenced in the alternative text of the `` element, or in a long description. All informative text within the `` element should be referenced via aria-labelledby.````````
42
Why SHOULD SVG images include a base background color behind the important parts of the image, at a minimum?
SVG images will retain their colors when the user switches into Windows High Contrast Mode.
43
Which element should be used to animate svg images?
SVG animations SHOULD use JavaScript, rather than the `` element.``
44
What are the SVG benefits?
Lightweight Compatible across browsers Can manipulate with CSS
45
What are SVGs?
Vector based graphics defined in XML format They can be interactive and dynamic
46
How can you make svgs accessibile?
role=img alt-text aria-labelledby aria-label
47
Inline SVGs are images that are embedded directly in HTML code. True or False?
True
48
How can you provide a long description for complex SVG images?
A short Alt-Text + Long description
49
How can you provide a long description for SVG only for Screenreader Users
Use the description attribute `` on the svg element (only for Screenreader Users and must be programmaticly associated with aria-labelledby)``
50
You can embed SVGs via iframe or object element. True or False?
False should embed - as SVG image source - inline SVG within the HTML
51
What should be done to an `![]()
``` element to increase screen reader compatibility when an SVG is used as its source? A. It should be assigned role=”img”. B. It should be assigned role=”region”. C. It should be assigned role=”presentation”. D. Nothing should be done to the `![]()
``` element.
A. It should be assigned role=”img”.
52
Text in SVG images retains its crispness and legibility when magnified. True or False?
True
53
Which of the following ways to incorporate SVGs are considered bad for accessibility? A. `` B. `` C. `![]()
``` D. `` E. All of the above are accessible F. Both A and D````
F. Both A and D
54
What is the best way to link the `` in an `` so that screen readers will recognize it as the alternative text?```` A. aria-label B. aria-describedby C. aria-live D. aria-labelledby
D. aria-labelledby
55
True or False: Interactive SVG objects must be fully keyboard accessible.
True
56
For which elements can users customize colors with accessibility utilities like Windows High Contrast Mode? A) SVGs B) Icon Fonts
B) Icon Fonts
57
Icons retain their original color(s) when font and background colors are changed in user preferences. True or False?
False
58
Why should role=”img” be assigned to informative and actionable icon fonts? A. It should be assigned so that screen readers will ignore icon fonts. B. It should be assigned so that icon fonts receive visual focus. C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images. D. Icon fonts aren’t images, so they don’t need to be assigned the role=”img”.
C. It should be assigned so that screen readers will recognize icon fonts as an images.
59
When assigning alternative text to actionable icon fonts (buttons or links), which technique is most effective? A. Add aria-label to the button or link B. Add hidden text within the button or link using CSS clip assigned to the surrounding span element C. Add text to an alt attribute in the surrounding span element.
A. Add aria-label to the button or link
60
Which of the following methods is recommended for decorative or redundant icon fonts? A. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be described using aria-label. B. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned role=”img”. C. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be assigned an empty, or null, alt attribute. D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden=”true”.
D. Decorative or redundant icon fonts should be set to aria-hidden=”true”.
61
True or False: Adding text within a `` element or in an alt attribute on the element are both ways of adding alternative text to `` elements.````
False
62
What must be done to the `` element if it is used to present an image?`` A. It must be assigned ARIA role=”presentation”. B. It must be assigned ARIA role=”img”. C. Nothing needs to be done to the element. D. It must have an alt attribute.
B. It must be assigned ARIA role=”img”.
63
True or false: If a `` element does not specify the background color, when a user enters into Windows High Contrast Mode, the background color of the image will change along with the color of the web page as a whole.``
True
64
Which of the following is NOT a way of providing alternative text for simple `` elements?`` A. Using the aria-label attribute on the `` element. B. Using the alt attribute on the `` element. C. Providing a description within the `` element and referencing it using the aria-labelledby attribute.``````
B. Using the alt attribute on the `` element.``
65
True or false: To make a `` element keyboard focusable, use tabindex="1" on the `` element.````
False
66
True or false: Alternative text for `` and `` elements can be provided using the alt attribute.````
False
67
True or false: Providing documents in HTML format is preferred over non-HTML documents because of the accessibility features available in HTML.
True
68
Which of the following is true about audio descriptions? A. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through synchronized captions. B. Audio descriptions are not required if there is no audio content. C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video’s audio track. D. Audio descriptions describe important visual information through a transcript.
C. Audio descriptions describe important visual information that is not conveyed through a video’s audio track.
69
People who are deafblind access video and audio through: A. Transcripts B. Captions C. Audio Description D. None of the above
A. Transcripts
70
True or false: A PDF document must be untagged in order for screen reader users to access the document.
False
71
True or false: Using the accessibility API for Silverlight and Flash makes them accessible across all screen readers.
False
72
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that captions be provided for: A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Live multimedia (video plus audio) C. Prerecorded video-only D. A and B E. All of the above
A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Live multimedia (video plus audio)
73
Captions MUST include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Dialog B. Important background sounds C. Important visual cues D. The identity of the individual speaking
C. Important visual cues
74
All of the following are best practices for captions EXCEPT: A. Caption should not exceed three lines on the screen at one time B. Captions should be uppercase C. The default font size for captions should be at least 22pt D. The last caption frame should be removed from the screen during long silent intervals
Captions should be uppercase
75
True or false: Users MUST be able to customize the font face, size, and color of captions.
False
76
True or false: The advantage of advanced caption file formats over basic file formats is that advanced formats support greater flexibility in styling captions to meet user needs.
True
77
Who are the target audiance for transcripts?
So, when composing transcripts, the target audience should be people who are deafblind.
78
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that transcripts be provided for: Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Live multimedia (video plus audio) C. Prerecorded audio-only D. A and C
C. Prerecorded audio-only
79
True or false: Transcripts are the only way people who are deafblind can access multimedia (audio and video) content.
True
80
Transcripts MUST include all of the following EXCEPT: Dialog B. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack C. The identity of the individual speaking D. Important background sounds
B. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack
81
True or false: Transcripts must be provided on the same page as their corresponding media file.
False
82
The benefits of interactive transcripts include: A. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript B. Increased accessibility for people with low vision C. The ability to provide captions in multiple languages D. Greater clarity for people with vestibular disorders
A. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript
83
True or False: Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) MUST include audio descriptions.
True
84
What MUST be include in prerecorded video-only content? A: audio descriptions OR a text transcript. B: Only audio description AND text transcipt
A: audio descriptions OR a text transcript.
85
True or False: Audio descriptions MUST be provided for live multimedia (audio plus video) content.
False: IT MAY be provided
86
Who is the target group for audio description?
The target audience for audio descriptions is people who can hear but who cannot see.
87
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that audio descriptions be provided for: A. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) B. Prerecorded audio-only C. Prerecorded video-only (when there is no transcript) D. A and B E. A and C
E. A and C
88
Audio descriptions benefit which of the following user categories: A. Deaf users and Deaf-blind users B. Low-vision users and blind users C. Users with mobility disabilities D. Blind users only
B. Low-vision users and blind users
89
All of the following are best practices for recording audio descriptions EXCEPT: A. Important actions that cannot be identified by sound should be described. B. Settings should be described, but not in overwhelming detail. C. Background sounds with a source not obvious to a sighted viewer should be described. D. New speakers in a scene should be identified.
C. Background sounds with a source not obvious to a sighted viewer should be described.
90
True or false: Extended audio descriptions are useful when the audio track does not provide sufficient gaps for the audio description narrator to adequately describe what is happening on the screen.
True
91
True or false: When an audio description track is available for a movie or video, it should be the default audio track because it enhances the viewing experience for all users.
False
92
True or False: To meet WCAG standards, the audio description track MUST be available in the same video file as the regular audio track.
False
93
To meet WCAG standards, the audio description track MUST be available in the same video file as the regular audio track. A. Prerecorded multimedia(video plus audio) B. Prerecorded audio-only C. Prerecorded video-only D. None of the above, sign language interpretation is a Level AAA requirement
D. None of the above, sign language interpretation is a Level AAA requirement
94
True or false: Sign language interpretation is helpful for deaf people who are more fluent in sign language than written language.
True
95
The simplest way to provide sign language interpretation for a live event such as a press conference is: A. Via Picture in Picture (PiP), in the corner of the video B. In a separate, synchronized video C. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker D. By ensuring the speaker signs as they speak
C. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker
96
True or false: HTML 5 video players have made the need for custom plugins to view online video practically obsolete.
True
97
All of the following are accessibility considerations for media players, EXCEPT: A. Tab order must be logical. B. Focus must be managed logically. C. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable. D. Instructions should be provided for unusual keyboard interactions.
C. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable.
98
Screen reader accessibility considerations for media players include: All media player controls must have a Name and a Role B. All media player controls must be keyboard accessible C. Some media player controls.. D: all of above
D: All of above
99
True or false: Media players MUST provide the ability to turn on and off all accessibility features such as captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions.
False
100
Background sounds in media presentations and web pages have the potential to negatively impact all of the following user categories EXCEPT: A. Users who are hard of hearing B. Blind users C. Deaf users D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. Users with mobility disabilities
C. Deaf users
101
True or false: In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background sounds during dialog MUST be eliminated.
False
102
True or false: In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background audio should be at least 20 decibels lower than (about 4 times quieter than) primary speech or sounds.
True
103
It is acceptable for audio content that auto-starts on a web page to play for up to: A. 3 seconds B. 5 seconds C. 10 seconds D. It never acceptable for audio to auto-start on a web page
A. 3 seconds
104
While it is acceptable to auto-play audio on a webpage for more than 3 seconds IF a mechanism to turn it off is available, doing so may make it IMPOSSIBLE for which user category/categories to use your web page? A. Deaf users B. Users who are hard of hearing C. People who use screen readers D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. All of the above
C. People who use screen readers
105
Which of the following statements is true? A. Photo-epileptic seizures are always milder than ‘regular’ epileptic seizures. B. Flashing of any speed is okay as long as it can be turned off. C. Only people with traumatic brain injuries are sensitive to flashing content. D. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.
D. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.
106
It is acceptable for content to flash up to how many times per second? A. 1 time B. 3 times C. 7 times D. It is never acceptable for content to flash on a web page
B. 3 times
107
WCAG Level AA allows for content to flash more than 3 times per second as long as certain conditions are met. These qualifying conditions include: A. The flashing content contains no red. B. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast. C. The flashing content has a mechanism to turn the flashing off. D. It is impossible to quantify what may cause a seizure.
B. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast.
108
Animations, parallax effects, and background videos or animations in web pages have the potential to negatively impact which of the following user categories: A. Users with vestibular disorders B. Blind users C. Users with cognitive impairments D. A and C E. All of the above
E. All of the above
109
Vestibular disorders affect a person’s: A. Reading comprehension B. Balance C. Ability to perceive some colors D. Ability to use a mouse
B. Balance
110
True or false: Parallax effects refer to the effect of some elements on a page moving in a different direction or at a different rate than other elements.
True
111
Parallax effects can negatively impact: A. Keyboard accessibility B. Readability of text C. Search Engine Optimization D. A and B E. All of the above
E. All of the above
112
True or false: Background videos that contain more than just decorative content must be fully accessible with captions, transcript, and audio descriptions, as appropriate.
True
113
True or false: Background videos that autoplay are not required to stop playing after 5 seconds.
False
114
The procurement laws Section 508 (U.S.) and EN 301 549 (Europe) apply to the procurement of information and communication technology by: A. Public entities B. Private entities C. Domestic entities D. All of the above
A. Public entities
115
True or false: The Americans with Disabilities Act (U.S. civil rights law) explicitly covers online content.
False
116
True or false: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (U.S. procurement law) explicitly covers online content.
True
117
The 21st Century Video Communications and Accessibility Act (CVAA) requires captions for: A. All video content available on the web B. All audio content available on the web C. All video and audio content on the web that was made by U.S. companies D. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US
D. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US
118
When Captions Are Needed?
Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) files MUST include synchronized captions. All live multimedia (video plus audio) events that contain dialog and/or narration MUST be accompanied by synchronized captions. All live audio-only content that contains dialog and/or narration SHOULD be accompanied by text-based synchronized captions.
119
When Transcripts Are Needed?
Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) SHOULD have a text transcript. Prerecorded audio-only content MUST be accompanied by an easily-reachable text transcript. Prerecorded video-only content MUST include audio descriptions OR a text transcript. A text transcript describing the visual aspects of the video SHOULD be provided for video-only
120
What to Include in Captions and Transcripts
Captions MUST be verbatim for scripted content (except when intentionally creating simplified captioning for a relevant target audience, e.g. people with cognitive disabilities). Transcripts MUST be verbatim for scripted content. Important visual events MUST be described in the transcript. Important background sounds MUST be conveyed in captions and transcripts, preferably in [brackets] or (parentheses). Speech that is spoken off-screen MUST be captured in captions and transcripts. The identity of the person speaking MUST be identified in captions and transcripts.
121
Which of the following methods for notifying users of new content does not require JavaScript? A. Moving focus within a page or to another element such as a dialog B. Loading or reloading a page C. ARIA live announcements D. All methods require JavaScript
B. Loading or reloading a page
122
When moving focus to an element that is not focusable, it is important to include which one of the following attributes on the container: A. tabindex=”-1” B. tabindex=”0” C. tabindex=”1” D. aria-focus=”true”
A. tabindex=”-1”
123
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when moving focus to new content: A. The container on which focus is set must not be empty. B. Focus should not move unexpectedly. C. The element that triggers the focus change must include aria-haspopup=”true”. D. Sending focus to AJAX content must be the last event.
C. The element that triggers the focus change must include aria-haspopup=”true”.
124
True or False: ARIA live announcements are an effective way to notify users of new content without moving the user’s focus
true
125
True or False: aria-live=”assertive” always gives screen reader users updates, while aria-live=”polite” asks the user if they would like updates.
false
126
True or False: The ARIA live region must be present on the page and must be empty before inserting the content to be announced.
True
127
If one of your pages employs a time-limit, which of the following are recommended? A. Ensure the time limit is greater than four hours B. Provide a warning when the time limit is about to expire C. Provide an option to extend the session D. A and B E. B and C
E. B and C
128
True or false: When a user allows a session to time out, it is not necessary to save data because the user would have extended the session if they intended to continue.
False
129
True or false: ARIA live announcements should be used to announce that the time left on a countdown timer every time the visible time remaining changes.
False
130
Accessibility problems associated with automatically refreshing or reloading a page include: A. Users may not have time to read content before it disappears B. Users may lose their place on the page C. Users may have a seizure D. A and B E. All of the above
D. A and B
131
True or false: If refreshing page content is important for a web site, it is recommended that users be notified that new content is available using a dialog or an ARIA alert message depending on the urgency of the update.
true
132
While portions of a page are still loading (lazy loading): A. Screen Readers should announce every time new content has loaded. B. Placeholders for content that is still loading should inform users the content is being loaded. C. Newly loaded content should receive screen reader focus. D. None of the above; this technique should be avoided.
B. Placeholders for content that is still loading should inform users the content is being loaded.
133
True or False: Infinite scrolling may prevent a user from accessing information that comes after the infinite scrolling area.
True
134
True or False: Giving a screen-reader only method for skipping past scrolling content is an acceptable method for implementing infinite scrolling accessibly.
False
135
True or False: Interstitial views are intended to be temporary and therefore it is not required to make screen reader users aware of their presence.
False
136
Regarding single-page applications, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Screen reader users must be made aware of new content loaded on the page. B. Focus management is often an essential part of making a single-page application accessible. C. The `` of a single-page application should not be updated when the user has selected a link that causes an AJAX event. D. A user must be able to use the browser's back and forward functionality as would be expected in a non-single-page application.``
C. The `` of a single-page application should not be updated when the user has selected a link that causes an AJAX event.``
137
True or False: ARIA is a programming language that communicates information like names, roles, and values to screen readers.
FALSE
138
Which is NOT an example of assistive technology that helps with using the Internet? A. Screen readers B. Screen magnifiers C. Refreshable braille devices D. Wheelchair E. Mouth stick
D. Wheelchair
139
True or False: Color-coded text is accessible by default to screen reader users, because screen readers always automatically announce changes in color.
False
140
For someone with low vision, all of the following are ways to make text more readable except: A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen B. Use synchronized video captions C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader
B. Use synchronized video captions
141
The most important consideration for designing web content for someone with motor disabilities is the inability to use: A. The hands B. The legs C. The eyes D. The mouth
A. The hands
142
Which types of Disabilities do you know?
Blind Low Vision Color-blind Deaf Deafblind Motor Disabilities Speech Disabilities Cognitive Disabilities Reading Disabilities Seizures (Krampfanfälle) Multiple Disabilities
143
What are the rules or checklist of items upon which the guidelines of WCAG 2.0 are based? A. Level AAA B. Success Criteria C. Sufficient Techniques D. Advisory Techniques
B. Success Criteria
144
True or False: ARIA was invented to increase screen reader accessibility, especially for interactive scripts.
True
145
Under most circumstances, the WCAG level most commonly set as the minimum goal is: A: A B: AA C: AAA
B: AA
146
Who is directly affected by the laws of Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in addition to the U.S. federal government? A. All organizations that do business with the federal government B. Everyone seeking to make technologies accessible to people with disabilities C. Anyone who uses the Internet D. All U.S. citizens
A. All organizations that do business with the federal government
147
Who is directly affected by the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)? A. All citizens of Canada B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment C. U.S. citizens visiting the Province of Ontario D. Anyone who uses the Internet
B. Every person and organization in the Province of Ontario who provides goods, services, facilities, or employment
148
Which European mandate is similar to Section 508 in the United States? A. The European Standard for Disability Equality B. EU ADA - European Union Access to Disabilities Act C. EN Section 508 D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe
D. EN 301 549: Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) products and services in Europe
149
The Americans with Disabilities Act is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law
A. Civil rights law
150
EN 301 549 is an example of which type of accessibility law? A. Civil rights law B. Procurement law C. Industry-specific law D. Administrative law E. Constitutional law
B. Procurement law
151
Designing web sites to benefit people with disabilities: A. Also benefits other users of all kinds B. Helps only a small minority of people C. Is extremely difficult to learn how to do, and should be left only to experienced professionals
A. Also benefits other users of all kinds
152
When is the best time to start working to make a design accessible? A. At the end of a project B. In the early stages of planning C. A little bit at a time throughout the project
B. In the early stages of planning
153
Accessibility is best approached as: A. A one-time project with a defined end date B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment C. A legal hassle
B. An ongoing program that requires constant commitment
154
For someone with low vision, what are ways to make text more readable? A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen B. Use synchronized video captions C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader
A. Zoom or magnify text on the screen C. Change text and background colors for better contrast D. Use a screen reader
155
Which type of disability is the most common? A: Blindless or low vision B: Color Blindness C: Auditory disabilities D: Motor disabililties E: Cognitive Disabilities
E: Cognitive Disabilities
156
True or false: You can create a website that complies fully with the WCAG accessibility guidelines, but which is not fully accessible.
True
157
Which of the following is an example of a subjective accessibility guideline that is not easily testable? A. All images have an alt attribute. B. The cognitive skills required to use a web page are minimized. C. All form input elements have a label. D. The web page has a title.
B. The cognitive skills required to use a web page are minimized.
158
Which of the following is NOT one of the 7 Principles of Universal Design? A. Equitable Use B. Simple and Intuitive Use C. Tolerance for Error D. High Physical Effort
D. High Physical Effort
159
Name the 7 Principles of Universal Design?
1 Principle One: Equitable Use (Gleichberechtigte Nutzung) 2 Principle Two: Flexibility in Use 3 Principle Three: Simple and Intuitive Use 4 Principle Four: Perceptible Information 5 Principle Five: Tolerance for Error 6 Principle Six: Low Physical Effort 7 Principle Seven: Size and Space for Approach and Use
160
True or False: The design-centric approach to accessibility focuses on a person’s limitations.
False
161
Which of the following statements is true? A. Web accessibility happens readily without planning. B. As long as all website components are accessible individually, the entire user experience will always be accessible. C. Retrofitting an accessibility solution can solve most accessibility problems, without having to start the design from scratch. D. Accessibility rot in websites can occur when designers see accessibility as a one-time project, rather than an ongoing process.
D. Accessibility rot in websites can occur when designers see accessibility as a one-time project, rather than an ongoing process.
162
True or False: Designing for edge cases is a more inclusive design approach than designing for the statistical normal distribution of users.
True
163
Which of these aspects can affect the experience of a website user with a disability? A. The person’s technology literacy and experience B. The amount of time the person has had the disability C. The person’s level of expertise at using their assistive technology D. All of the above
D. All of the above
164
True or False: When designing accessible solutions, it’s helpful to think of disabilities as binary; either they are there or not there.
False
165
What does an “accessibility first” mindset mean, with respect to website and app development? A. Accessibility is the number one most important consideration, above everything else. B. Accessibility should be incorporated from the very start of the project all the way to the end. C. The project budget should prioritize accessibility before any other elements. D. Problems related to accessibility should always be fixed first, before any other problems.
B. Accessibility should be incorporated from the very start of the project all the way to the end.
166
True or False: Designing for people with disabilities has collateral benefits for all users.
True
167
True or False: It’s a good idea to create two versions of a website, the standard one and the accessible one.
False
168
The meaning of “affordance” is: A. How much of a project’s budget can be dedicated to accessibility B. The range of possible actions that someone can perform with an object C. The error tolerance within an accessible website design
B. The range of possible actions that someone can perform with an object
169
True or false: Screen reader users usually navigate pages by listening to the entire page being read from start to finish. A. True B. False
False
170
What determines the audio-structural experience of a web page for a screen reader user? A. The visual layout B. The semantic structure
B. The semantic structure
171
True or false: to provide accessible content for deafblind users, you must ensure that everything is available in a machine-readable text format. A. True B. False
True
172
True or False: Open captions (rather than closed captions) are a good choice to accommodate all users.
False
173
True or False: WCAG provides extensive and detailed guidelines for designing for users with cognitive disabilities.
False
174
To create accessible user-generated content, you can employ all of these strategies, EXCEPT: A. Automate accessibility fixes. B. Prompt and guide users to create accessible content during the authoring process. C. Limit the type of content users can post. D. Require users to delete and re-post content that has accessibility errors.
D. Require users to delete and re-post content that has accessibility errors.
175
True or false: Anything that invites and posts user input is an authoring tool.
True
176
True or false: There are no authoring tool guidelines for accessibility.
False
177
Which of the following is NOT an example of an automated accessibility solution that is currently available? A. Skype Translator B. Automatic captions on YouTube C. Automatic audio descriptions on YouTube D. Automatic alt text on Facebook images
C. Automatic audio descriptions on YouTube
178
Which Design Considerations for Blindness are relvant: A: All content must be presented in text or via a text equivalent (e.g., alt text for images or other non-text objects). B: All functionality must be available using only the keyboard (Note: be sure to test with the screen reader turned on, because there are subtle differences in keyboard behaviors when the screen reader is on). C: The content must use markup with good structure and semantics (headings, landmarks, tables, lists, etc.). D: All custom controls (e.g., expand/collapse buttons, media player volume control, dialogs, etc.) must have the correct name/label, role (either with HTML or with ARIA), and value, and must change value when appropriate (e.g., aria-expanded=”false” changes to aria-expanded=”true” after activating the button). E: Users must receive immediate feedback after all actions, via their screen reader. Silence after activating a feature is always bad! F: Videos require audio descriptions (additional narration of visual content) if the video’s original audio track (dialog, sounds, narration) does not explain everything that a person who is blind would need to know to understand the video. G: On mobile devices: All features require a click action. Custom swipe actions on web pages will not work with the screen reader turned on. H: All of above
All
179
Which Design Considerations for Low Vision are relevant? A: The pinch-to-zoom feature must not be disabled (avoid ````). B: All text must pass contrast guidelines against the background (verify using Deque’s axe DevTools accessibility browser extension or a similar tool). C: Links, buttons, and controls must have a visible :focus state and should have a visible :hover state. D: The user interface should provide a clear visual distinction between content (e.g., text) and controls (e.g., buttons, links, etc.). E: All of above
ALL
180
True or False: Design Considerations for Colorblindness are: All information must be understandable without needing to distinguish between colors Reds and greens are especially problematic when used as the only way to convey information.
True
181
Which Design Considerations for Deafness and Hard-of-Hearing are relevant? A: All videos must have captions. B: All audio-only content must have transcripts. C: Sign language interpretation of videos can be very helpful. D: All videos must have audio description E: A, B, und C
E: A, B und C
182
Which Design Considerations for Deafblindness are relevant? A: All of the considerations for blindness apply. B: All of the considerations for deafness apply. C: In addition, a transcript should be provided for multimedia (video plus audio) content. D: All of above
D: All of above
183
Which Design Considerations for Dexterity/Motor Disabilities are relevant? A: All functionality must be available using only the keyboard. B: Links, buttons, and controls must have a visible :focus state and should have a visible :hover state. C: With session time-outs, warn users before the time expires (e.g., an accessible dialog or alert), and give them the option to extend the session. Ensure the warning itself allows for slow responses. A recommended minimum response time is 2 minutes. D: Provide large click targets (links, buttons, controls) for users who have movements that are difficult to control E: All of above
E: All of above
184
Design Considerations for Speech Disabilities Don’t depend on voice input (e.g., in mobile apps, custom widgets, games, etc.).
Why? People with speech disabilities have difficulty with producing voice sounds and using muscles in their mouths, so it is critical that alternative means of communication are provided such as text chats, forms, email, etc.
185
Design Considerations for Cognitive Disabilities For users with lower comprehension: Simplify the interface as much as possible. Simplify the content as much as possible. Keep videos and audio as short as possible. Limit the number of choices on the screen. Provide help features. Design for ease of use. Test the usability of the interface with actual users, preferably including users with cognitive disabilities.
Why? Users who have lower comprehension will have a better web experience if the interface and content are easy to use and easy to understand. Too many options and complex information may be difficult for them to process.
186
Design Considerations for Cognitive Disabilities For users with memory loss: Retain information across screens, and within a path. Provide help features.
Why? A website that has predictability across all its pages (same navigation, same structure, etc.) will greatly benefit users with memory loss. Sites that are too complicated may fatigue users with memory loss. If a user has difficulty interacting with the web page, help features can assist them with navigating the web page.
187
Design Considerations for Cognitive Disabilities For users with distractibility (Ablenkbarkeit): Reduce or eliminate distractions (be careful with ads, carousels, intrusive audio, intrusive video, etc.).
Why? Too many distractions on a web page may cause people with cognitive disabilities to miss important information being conveyed on a web page. Distractions may cause them to lose focus or overwhelm them, and users may navigate from the web page.
188
Design Considerations for Reading Disabilities (Leseschwächen) For users with difficulty reading (dyslexia, etc.): Supplement text with illustrations, videos, audio, etc. Avoid the highest level of contrast for text against background (e.g., black on white) BUT be sure to stay within the contrast range that people with low vision need.
Why? People who have difficulty reading text will need the information conveyed in other formats like images, audio, and video. Using the highest contrast may also be difficult for people to read and hard on the eyes, so using colors that are a slight step down in contrast (e.g., dark grey against white or off-white) may make reading text a little easier.
189
Design Considerations for Seizure Disorders (Anfallsleiden) Don’t include videos, animations, or transitions with sequences of flashing light at a rate of 3 or more times per second.
Why? Using content that flashes, blinks, or flickers 3 or more times per second may trigger photo-epileptic seizures in susceptible users.
190
True or false: Can you create a design that complies fully with the accessibility guidelines, but which is not fully accessible?
True
191
A JavaScript drag-and-drop widget is designed to work with any of the following: a mouse, a touchscreen, or a keyboard. Which design principle applies? A: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use B: Principle Three: Simple and Intuitive Use C: Principle Four: Perceptible Information
A: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use
192
A web site uses semantic markup in all the appropriate places (headings, landmarks, table structure, form labels, etc.) and creates a single design that works well for users who are sighted as well as for users who are blind. Which design principle applies? A: Principle One: Equitable Use B Principle Six: Low Physical Effort C: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use
A: Principle One: Equitable Use
193
A video tutorial on how to tie your shoes is shown with no narration, making the video useless for a person who is blind. What design principle is being violated here? A: Principle One: Equitable Use B: Principle Four: Perceptible Information C: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use
B: Principle Four: Perceptible Information
194
A web site is designed with many links in the header and navigation section, and no headings, landmarks, or “skip to main content” link to allow users to jump to the main content. What design principle is being violated here? A: Principle Six: Low Physical Effort B: Principle Four: Perceptible Information C: Principle Two: Flexibility in Use
A: Principle Six: Low Physical Effort
195
What is the different between Accessibility and UX?
accessibility audience: people with disabilities intent: the targeted audience can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with websites and tools (an equivalent user experience) user experience audience: anyone intent: a product should be effective, efficient, and satisfying Accessibility includes a more technical aspect (considerate of assistive technologies, for instance); UX is more principled in its approach. Usable accessibility = a11y + UX. Accessibility is just one aspect of the “universal web”.
196
Avoid layouts and sizing which cause: A. Rotating images B. Horizontal scrolling C. Vertical scrolling D. All of the above
B. Horizontal scrolling
197
Fill in the blank: Ensure text on the page can be resized up to ______ without loss of content or function: A. 1000% B. 500% C. 350% D. 200%
D. 200%
198
When modifying web content to be viewed on small viewports, you can use which of the following techniques? A. Reduce the size of content B. Eliminate content C. Simplify content D. All of the above
D. All of the above
199
Which of the following meta viewport elements will disable pinch-to-zoom on mobile devices? (Select all that apply) A. user-scalable=no B. user-scalable=1 C. maximum-scale=1.0 D. maximum-scale=2.0 E. initial-scale=1.0 F. A and C G. B and E H. None of the above
F. A and C
200
Which image type(s) allow text in the image to scale up smoothly? (Select all that apply) A. JPG B. PNG C. BMP D. SVG E. TIFF F. B and D G. C and E H. None of the above
D. SVG
201
The recommended minimum touch target size for touch screen devices is approximately: A. 4.8mm or 22px B. 7.2mm or 33px C. 9.6mm or 44px D. 10.8mm or 50px
C. 9.6mm or 44px
202
Which of the following groups of people are affected when only color is used to communicate information on a web page? (Select all that apply) A. People who have low vision B. People who are blind C. People who are colorblind D. All of the above groups are affected E. B and C
D. All of the above groups are affected
203
True or false: Using distinct colors only for hover and focus on links are enough to distinguish links from normal text.
False
204
From an accessibility stance, why should standard (real) text and native UI components be used instead of images of text and UI components? A. Standard text and native components give web designers more options to style the look of a web page. B. As long as contrast ratio requirements are met, images of text and native components can and should be used. C. The use of standard text and native components allows users to customize text and colors. D. As long as alternative text is provided, images of text and native components can and should be used.
C. The use of standard text and native components allows users to customize text and colors.
205
True or false: Providing alternative text for an image that communicates information using color alone is sufficient (ausreichend) in communicating that information to users.
False
206
What method can be used to distinguish UI components from surrounding content? A. Providing an outline around the UI component B. Using a different color for the UI component that has high contrast against the surrounding content C. Changing the background of the UI component D. Any of the above methods can be used
D. Any of the above methods can be used
207
To aid people with low vision or color deficiencies, the contrast between text and its background must be at least: A. 3 to 1 for small text and 2 to 1 for large text B. 5 to 1 for small text and 6.5 to 1 for large text C. 4.5 to 1 for small text and 3 to 1 for large text D. 12 to 1 for small text and 8 to 1 for large text
N/A
208
True or false: When high contrast is activated on an operating system, a user cannot choose to have the high contrast theme override the styling of a web page.
False
209
The contrast ratio for UI component boundaries must be at least: A. 3 to 1 B. 2.5 to 1 C. 5 to 1 D. 4.5 to 1
A. 3 to 1
210
Enhancing the visual focus indicator benefits which group(s) of users? (Select all that apply) A. Users who are colorblind B. Users who have low vision C. Sighted keyboard users D. All of the above groups are affected
D. All of the above groups are affected
211
The contrast ratio for visual focus indicators must be at least: A. 3 to 1 B. 4.5 to 1 C. 4 to 1 D. 3.5 to 1
A. 3 to 1
212
What is the purpose of “visual white space” in web design? A. To ensure sufficient color contrast B. To allow user CSS customization C. To visually separate different elements of the design
C. To visually separate different elements of the design
213
True or False: A text label for a form input should never be placed adjacent (neben) to that text input.
False
214
If the text label for an icon is placed visually too far away from the icon, which category of users with a disability will be most affected? A. Blind users B. Deaf users C. Users with low vision D. Users with colorblindness
C. Users with low vision
215
What is the recommended maximum number of main focus areas on a web page? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Any number is acceptable as long as they are designed well
A. One
216
The order that screen readers navigate through page content is determined by the: (Select all that apply) A. Visual order of the elements on the screen: left-to-right, top-to-bottom B. CSS C. Document Object Model (DOM) D. All of the above
C. Document Object Model (DOM)
217
True or false: For screen reader users, the reading order and focus order are always the same thing.
False
218
Which of the following can impact the reading order and focus order of page content? (Select all that apply) A. JavaScript DOM manipulation B. Turning on a screen reader C. Magnification D. CSS positioning techniques E. A and D F. B and C G. B and D
E. A and D
219
True or false: The best way to fix focus order problems is to use tabindex values greater than 1.
False
220
Adequate mouse-click target sizes help which of the following user categories? (Select the most complete answer.) A. Users with low vision B. Users with tremors C. Users with limited dexterity D. All of the above
D. All of the above
221
True or false: Enhanced visual hover indicators help users who can only navigate websites with a keyboard.
false
222
The mouse cursor becomes a hand pointer when the mouse cursor hovers over which of the following native HTML elements? A. Buttons B. Links C. Text fields
B. Links
223
Which of the following items will be focusable with the tab key? A. A `` element with tabindex=”0” B. A `
` element with tabindex=”-1” C. An ARIA link created as follows: ``````
A. A `` element with tabindex=”0”``
224
If the tab order is not correct, the best way to fix it is to: A. Use tabindex (e.g. tabindex=”1”, tabindex=”1”, etc.) B. Arrange the order of the elements in the DOM to match the intended tab order. C. Use JavaScript to detect onblur events and send the focus to the correct element. D. Let the user customize the tab order
B. Arrange the order of the elements in the DOM to match the intended tab order.
225
Which of the following is NOT an acceptable visual focus indicator style? A. a:focus {outline: 0;} B. a:focus {outline: red 2px solid;} C. button:focus {color: #fff; background: #000; outline: yellow 1px solid} D. [role=link] {outline: red 2px solid;} E. input[type=text] {border: red 1px dotted blue}
A. a:focus {outline: 0;}
226
What should be the logical progression of the focus when a person opens and then closes an ARIA dialog? A. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the original button that opened the dialog. B. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the top of the original web page. C. The focus should go to the top of the page, then to the dialog, then back to the top of the page. D. The focus should go to dialog, then back to the browser address bar.
A. The focus should go to the dialog, then back to the original button that opened the dialog.
227
True or false: A safe keystroke to use for custom keyboard functionality on web pages is the “H” key.
false
228
True or false: Screen readers automatically notify users when a web page implements custom keystrokes.
false
229
True or false: If you code a widget to be fully keyboard-accessible when using the arrow keys, touch devices users (without keyboards) will still not be able to use the widget, in most cases.
true
230
True or false: Custom JavaScript gesture events on web pages will probably not work when a touch device screen reader is turned on.
true
231
The minimum recommended touch target size is: A. 10px by 10px B. 20px by 20px C. 24px by 24px D. 36px by 36px E. 44px by 44px F. 64px by 64px
E. 44px by 44px
232
Voice input or speech recognition software is most commonly used by which of the following user categories? A. Blind users B. Low-vision users C. Users with mobility impairments D. Deaf users
C. Users with mobility impairments
233
True or false: The accessibility design and development principles for speech recognition users are largely the same as those for keyboard-only and screen reader users.
true
234
True or false: When basic Dragon voice commands do not work on a web page, an alternate method that can be used to interact with page content is called “Voice Grid.”
false, Mouse Grid
235
True or false: Dragon provides support for nearly 100% of ARIA attributes.
false, only: button link radio checkbox aria-label aria-labelledby
236
All of the following statements regarding transitions on a web page are true EXCEPT: A. Transitions can be distracting for users with cognitive disabilities. B. Transitions should be brief and kept to a minimum. C. Transitions between foreground and background elements (parallax effects) should occur at a fast rate. D. Transitions must not interfere with web page reading or interaction.
C. Transitions between foreground and background elements (parallax effects) should occur at a fast rate.
237
Interactive elements within content that moves or disappears quickly may be problematic for which group(s) of users? (Select the most complete answer.) A. Keyboard users B. Screen reader users C. Alternative mouse device users D. Users with cognitive disabilities E. A and B F. All of the above
F. All of the above
238
The most recommended method to programmatically associate a label and form field is: A. aria-label attribute B. title attribute C. Explicit `` association D. Implicit `` association````
C. Explicit `` association``
239
True or false: Icons must not be used as labels.
False Icons MAY be used as visual labels (without visual text) if the meaning of the icon is visually self-evident AND if there is a programmatically associated semantic label available to assistive technologies.
240
Why is the use of placeholder text as a form label bad for accessibility? A. The default color for placeholder text does not meet color contrast requirements B. Placeholder text disappears when data is entered in the field C. Placeholder text is not supported in most browsers D. A and B E. All of the above
A. The default color for placeholder text does not meet color contrast requirements B. Placeholder text disappears when data is entered in the field
241
Which of the following statements about labels is NOT correct? A. Labels should be visually close to their corresponding form fields. B. Labels must be programmatically associated with their matching elements. C. Labels should be close to their corresponding form fields in the DOM. D. Labels should be close in length to the other labels on the page.
D. Labels should be close in length to the other labels on the page.
242
True or false: When multiple visible labels are used to label one field, the best attribute to associate each label with the field is aria-label.
false When multiple labels are used for one element, each label MUST be programmatically associated with the corresponding element. In this case, aria-labelledby is a useful tool to associate multiple labels with a single field.
243
True or false: When one visible label is used to label multiple fields, such as the three parts of a telephone number, each individual field must have a screen reader accessible label.
true
244
Which of the following methods can NOT be used to associate a group label with the fields it labels? A. `` and `` B. `` and `` C. Nested fieldsets to denote groups within groups D. role=”group” and aria-labelledby``
A. `` and ````
245
True or false: Color must never be used in labels.
false Group labels MUST NOT rely solely on references to sensory characteristics.
246
True or false: As long as a group label is programmatically associated with the group of fields it labels, its location in the DOM does not matter.
false
247
True or false: Group labels must be available to all users — sighted and non-sighted alike.
true
248
True or false: Adding the ARIA attribute aria-required=”true” tells every user that a form input is required.
false
249
Which of the following methods does NOT programmatically associate form instructions with their associated fields? A. Using aria-describedby on the ```` element B. Providing instructions in regular text nearby the ```` element C. Placing instructions in the `` element D. Placing instructions for a group of fields in the legend``
B. Providing instructions in regular text nearby the ```` element
250
Instructions that aren’t placed visually near their corresponding form fields can negatively impact which of the following user categories? A. Users who are blind B. Users who have low vision C. Users with vestibular disorders D. All of the above
B. Users who have low vision
251
Using a different text color for an input’s label to convey that input is required may exclude all of the following user categories EXCEPT: A. Users who are blind B. Users who have low vision C. Users who are deaf or hard of hearing D. Users who are colorblind
C. Users who are deaf or hard of hearing
252
Which of the following is the most semantically-appropriate way to associate instructions with an input? A. Include the instructions within the `` text, along with the label/name of the input B. Write the text in an aria-instructions attribute C. Reference the ID of the instructions via aria-describedby D. Include the instructions in the title attribute, to create a visible tooltip on mouse hover``
C. Reference the ID of the instructions via aria-describedby
253
Which of the following methods is NOT a best practice for progressive form updates? A. Provide a summary of users’ choices at the end of the form before submission B. Include only one step on the screen at a time C. Number the steps in the form D. Manage keyboard focus as users move forward and backward through the form E. Make dynamic changes in the form anywhere in the DOM
E. Make dynamic changes in the form anywhere in the DOM
254
True or false: From an accessibility perspective, focusing on a form element must not cause a change of context, but context changes may occur when a user hovers over a form element.
false
255
True or false: Changes in context can inhibit accessibility when those changes happen automatically and users aren’t allowed to request the changes in context.
true
256
To conform to ARIA specification, all of the following methods should be applied when creating a custom checkbox within a form EXCEPT: A. Provide a visible and programmatically-associated label for the checkbox B. Ensure the checkbox is assigned role=”checkbox” C. Convey to users the state of the checkbox through toggling aria-expanded values D. Make sure the Space bar can be used to change the state of the checkbox
C. Convey to users the state of the checkbox through toggling aria-expanded values
257
True or false: Custom form elements should be modeled after native HTML form elements.
true
258
What might happen if an aria-live announcement is tied to a blur event in a form? A. A screen reader might read the announcement after it reads the next item in focus B. A screen reader user might miss the announcement because the announcement competes with the screen reader reading the next item in focus C. The aria-live announcement might be made before the screen reader reads the next item in focus D. None of the above
B. A screen reader user might miss the announcement because the announcement competes with the screen reader reading the next item in focus
259
What should happen to the page title if a form submission causes the same page to reload? A. Nothing should happen to the page title B. The page title should reflect errors in form submission C. The page title should reflect the status of the form submission D. Form submission should not cause the page to reload
C. The page title should reflect the status of the form submission
260
Which is NOT a good technique for preventing errors in forms? A. Provide clear, accurate, and accessible form labels B. Use custom form inputs whenever possible C. Give additional instructions for inputs if necessary D. Provide visual cues that guide users through the form E. Allow users to review their choices before and after they submit the form
B. Use custom form inputs whenever possible
261
True or false: In terms of accessibility, if error messages are programmatically associated with their form inputs, then providing visible error messages for form inputs is optional.
false
262
Which ARIA attribute should be used to identify which form elements have errors? A. aria-required B. aria-describedby C. aria-readonly D. aria-invalid
D. aria-invalid
263
Which ARIA attribute should be used to provide more information about an error in a form element? A. aria-required B. aria-describedby C. aria-readonly D. aria-invalid
B. aria-describedby
264
Which of the code examples below best adheres to the requirements and best practices for error feedback? A. `` Error - Password: `` ```` B. `` Password: `` ```` C. `
`Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters`
` `` Password: `` ```` D. ``Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters`
` `` Password: `` ````
C. `
`Error: Password must be at least be 8 characters`
` `` Password: `` ````
265
True or false: Regions like aria-live and role=”alert” can be used to convey success messages as long as success messages aren’t hidden from visual users.
true
266
True or false: The basic keyboard commands for interacting with HTML form controls are common across all screen reader / browser combinations.
true
267
Which one of the following is NOT a screen reader mode? A. Document mode B. Forms mode C. Caption mode D. Table mode E. Application mode
C. Caption mode
268
Using the Tab key to move through a page will put focus on all of the following elements EXCEPT: A. Form fields B. Links C. Elements with tabindex=”0” D. Elements with tabindex=”-1”
D. Elements with tabindex=”-1”
269
True or false: The default mode for most screen readers is forms mode.
false
270
True or false: Since plain text is non-focusable, text such as instructions or formatting hints should not be placed in the middle of a form unless the text is programmatically associated with a focusable element.
true
271
The first step to conducting web accessibility testing is: A. Run automated tests B. Define the scope of the test C. Conduct manual testing D. Plan for remediation of accessibility issues E. Conduct regression testing
B. Define the scope of the test
272
All of the following are things to consider when determining the scope of the accessibility tests, EXCEPT: A. Which pages have the most diversified and representative content, structure, and semantics types? B. Are there any important transactional or multi-step processes? C. How many users can access an interface element at one time without crashing it? D. What templates are in use on the site?
C. How many users can access an interface element at one time without crashing it?
273
True or False: Testing all of the pages of a web site may not be easy or practical, but it has to be done to ensure an adequately compliant site.
false
274
True or False: Analyzing specific page content like images, forms, tables, and widgets should be included in the scope of the evaluation.
true
275
When beginning the actual testing process, what should testers do first? A. Conduct keyboard accessibility testing B. Check if color is used to convey meaning C. Run an automated test D. Test for form validation accessibility
C. Run an automated test
276
True or False: About a third of accessibility problems can be found through automated testing.
true
277
Screen readers can help you identify issues with which of the following? A. Visual focus indicator B. Keyboard functionality C. Touch target size D. Alternative text E. Custom widgets F. Media players G. Form labels and instructions H. Color used to convey meaning I. Headings J. Video only presentations K. Answers B, D, E, F, G, and I L. Answers A, B, C, G, H, I, and J M. All of the above
K. Answers B, D, E, F, G, and I Keyboard functionality Alternative text custum widget media players form labels and instruction headings
278
True or False: The purpose of links must always be conveyed through the link text itself.
false, could also be through context or If a link contains only an image, the image’s alternative text should describe the purpose of the link or For icon fonts used as links, the purpose of the link should be conveyed using one of the following ARIA attributes: aria-label, aria-labelledby, or aria-describedby
279
True or False: If error messages used in form validation are conveyed through a screen reader, then they do not need to be visible.
false
280
To be compliant, captions for videos must include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Description of visual content B. Narration and dialog C. Identity of multiple speakers D. Important sound effects
A. Description of visual content
281
An effective bug report should be written for which of the following recipients? A. Developers and designers who have extensive knowledge in accessibility B. The core accessibility team C. Stakeholders who may not be well-informed about accessibility D. Other testers who can validate the issue
C. Stakeholders who may not be well-informed about accessibility
282
If a bug report includes a title, description, and steps to reproduce the issue, what should it also include to make it more effective? (Select all that apply) A. Recommendations for how to fix the issue B. Expected behavior and/or results C. Severity of the issue D. All of the above E. None of the above; the report is effective as is
D. All of the above
283
Remediation for all accessibility issues should be: A. Prioritized according to factors such as impact, severity, frequency, etc. B. Made top priority for all staff until the issues are resolved C. Performed by contractors D. Completed before the application is released
A. Prioritized according to factors such as impact, severity, frequency, etc.
284
True or false: Automated testing should only be conducted during the testing phase of the development lifecycle.
false
285
Which type of testing allows developers to evaluate small chunks of code for accessibility issues without any dependencies? A. Regression testing B. Integration testing C. Unit testing D. Manual testing
C. Unit testing
286
True or false: The more developers incorporate automated accessibility testing into the build/creation phase, the more confident they will be in addressing accessibility issues.
true
287
Testing to uncover any new errors introduced by the remediation process is called: A. Integration testing B. Acceptance testing C. Beta testing D. Regression testing
D. Regression testing
288
Are all of this Screenreader Browser combination are right? Desktop-Screenreader: (Betriebssystem ist Windows, sofern nicht anders angegeben.) JAWS mit Chrome NVDA mit Firefox NVDA mit Chrome JAWS mit IE VoiceOver mit Safari (macOS) Narrator mit Edge Mobile Screenreader: VoiceOver mit Safari (iOS) TalkBack mit Chrome (Android)
YES
289
People with which of the following disabilities may use screen readers? (Select all that apply) A. Blindness B. Low vision C. Deafblindness D. Color blindness E. Deafness F. Reading disabilities G. A, B, C, and D H. B, E, and F I. A, B, C, and F J. All of the above
I. A, B, C, and F A. Blindness B. Low vision C. Deafblindness F. Reading disabilities
290
True or False: You can customize web content to screen reader users by detecting which screen reader they’re using.
false
291
Which phone is currently the most popular among blind users? A. Windows Phone B. iPhone C. Android Phone D. Blackberry Phone
B. iPhone
292
True or False: Screen readers can output to either audio or Braille.
true
293
Which screen readers are available for Windows? (Select all that apply) A. JAWS B. VoiceOver C. TalkBack D. NVDA E. Window-Eyes F. C and D G. A, D, and E
G: A,D,E A. JAWS D. NVDA E. Window-Eyes
294
True or False: Testing with screen readers is recommended, but is not required, if automated accessibility tests are performed prior to launching web content.
False
295
Blind screen reader users are most likely to navigate web content using what? A. Voice activation B. Mouse C. Trackpad D. Motion detection E. Keyboard
E. Keyboard
296
How do screen readers treat columns of text created by two floating `
` elements side by side? A. Screen readers read each column one at a time, starting with the column that appears first in the DOM B. Screen readers can’t read columns C. Screen readers read the first line of column 1, followed by the first line of column 2, followed by the second line of column 1, followed by the second line of column 2, and so on. D. Screen readers read only the first column
A. Screen readers read each column one at a time, starting with the column that appears first in the DOM
297
Do screen readers notify users about the visual placement of items on the page (e.g., explaining columns of text, or floating items with wrapping text)?
No
298
True or False: In their default settings, most screen readers announce every comma and every period.
false
299
True or False: When reading the number 300, if you hear VoiceOver say “Three zero zero” instead of “Three hundred”, it means you need to fix the way you wrote the number.
false
300
Which of the following visual styles do most screen readers in their default settings announce to users while reading in normal browse mode? A. Bold B. Italic C. Background colors D. All caps E. Colors F. Visual placement G. Indentation H. None of the above
H. None of the above
301
What do developers need to keep in mind about the virtual buffer of screen readers? A. Blind users cannot access the virtual buffer B. The virtual buffer is keyboard-accessible C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated D. The virtual buffer must be invoked via JavaScript
C. There may be a delay between the time when an AJAX load event is complete and when the virtual buffer is updated
302
Which of the following do screen readers read? A. The source code (i.e. the markup available using “view source”) B. The DOM (the markup after it has been processed by the browser) C. The visible text on the screen (e.g. the output as rendered through the graphics processor) D. All of the above E. None of the above
B. The DOM (the markup after it has been processed by the browser)
303
True or false: All browsers use the same accessibility API.
false
304
Which of the following elements allow screen readers to quickly “glance” at the structure of the topics and text content in a web page? A. Headings B. Lists C. Graphics D. Tables
A: Headings
305
The only way a screen reader can read non-focusable content (e.g., paragraphs, headings, div elements, etc.) is to start at the beginning of the page and let the screen reader read everything on the page from beginning to end. A. True B. False
false
306
In Table Navigation Mode, users can: A. Navigate table by table B. Navigate between cells in a table C. Generate a list of tables D. None of the above
B. Navigate between cells in a table
307
Which of the following allow screen reader users to navigate to areas like the main content, footer, or menu sections of a web page? A. Links B. Tables C. Graphics D. Landmarks
D. Landmarks
308
True or False: Screen reader users sometimes explore forms by navigating through all the form fields before filling any of them out, to give them a better sense of what the form is like.
true
309
Which screen reader mode in NVDA allows users to type “H” to go to the next heading? A. Browse or document mode B. Focus mode C. Application mode D. Forms mode E. Table navigation mode F. Scan mode G. Virtual cursor
A. Browse or document mode
310
True or false: VoiceOver on OSX does not differentiate between document/browse mode and focus mode
True
311
True or false: Non-focusable text (e.g., regular paragraphs, `
` elements, headings, etc.) are not available to NVDA users in focus mode.
True
312
What happens in JAWS when you type the letter “G” when the focus is on a text input, and when JAWS is in forms mode?. A. JAWS says “G” out loud, and the letter “G” is typed in the text field B. JAWS navigates to the next graphic C. Nothing D. JAWS types a smiley face in the text field E. JAWS enters into Graphics Mode.
A. JAWS says “G” out loud, and the letter “G” is typed in the text field
313
Which browser is recommended for use with JAWS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge
A. Chrome
314
When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Shift N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Insert + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in JAWS
C. Down arrow
315
When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next heading? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in JAWS
E. H
316
When using JAWS, how do you navigate to the next landmark region? A. R B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift R D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. L G. Not available in JAWS
A. R
317
When using JAWS, how do you pull up the elements list? A. E B. Ctrl + Alt + E C. Ctrl + Shift L D. Caps lock + F3 E. Insert + F3 F. L G. Not available in JAWS
E. Insert + F3
318
Which browser is recommended for use with NVDA? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge F. Internet Explorer
C. Firefox
319
When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Insert + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in NVDA
C. Down arrow
320
When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next heading? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in NVDA
E. H
321
When using NVDA, how do you navigate to the next landmark region? A. D B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift D D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. R G. Not available in NVDA
A. D
322
When using NVDA, how do you pull up the list of links, headings, and landmarks? A. E B. Ctrl + Alt + E C. Insert + F7 D. Ctrl + Shift F7 E. Caps lock + F3 F. Insert + F3 G. H H. Not available in NVDA
C. Insert + F7
323
Which browser is recommended for use with VoiceOver on iOS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Internet Explorer
D. Safari
324
When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. Swipe left to right B. Swipe right to left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Double tap the screen F. Say “Siri, go to next item” G. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS
A. Swipe left to right
325
When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you activate a link or a button? A. Swipe left to right B. Swipe right to left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Tap on the link or button F. Double tap on the link or button G. Double tap the screen anywhere H. Say “Siri, activate” I. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS
G. Double tap the screen anywhere
326
When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you pull up the rotor? A. Swipe left to right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Place your mouth on the screen and rotate it E. Swipe right to left F. Swipe down G. Swipe up H. Double tap the screen I. Say “Siri, show rotor” J. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS
C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them
327
When using VoiceOver in iOS, how can you navigate to the next heading? A. Swipe left to right B. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe right C. Swipe right to left D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down E. Swipe up F. Double tap the screen G. Say “Siri, go to next heading” H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS
D. Set the rotor to navigate by headings, then swipe down
328
When using VoiceOver in iOS, how do you navigate by landmarks? A. Swipe left to right B. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe right C. Swipe right to left D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down E. Swipe up F. Double tap the screen G. Say “Siri, go to next landmark” H. Not available in VoiceOver for iOS
D. Set the rotor to navigate by landmarks, then swipe down
329
Which browser is recommended for use with TalkBack? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Facebook E. Internet
A. Chrome
330
When using TalkBack, how do you navigate to the next item? A. Swipe right B. Swipe left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Double tap the screen F. Say “OK Google, go to next item” G. Not available in TalkBack
A. Swipe right
331
When using TalkBack, how do you activate a link or a button? A. Swipe right B. Swipe left C. Swipe down D. Swipe up E. Tap on the link or button F. Double tap on the link or button G. Double tap the screen anywhere H. Say “OK Google, activate” I. Not available in TalkBack
G. Double tap the screen anywhere with 1 finger
332
When using TalkBack, how do you pull up the TalkBack menu? A. Swipe right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Swipe down then right E. Swipe down then up F. Swipe left G. Swipe down H. Swipe up I. Double tap the screen J. Say “OK Google, show TalkBack menu” K. Not available in TalkBack
D. Swipe down then right
333
When using TalkBack, how do you cycle through the available reading controls? A. Swipe right B. Place one finger on the screen and rotate it C. Place two fingers on the screen and rotate them D. Swipe down then right E. Swipe down then up F. Swipe left G. Swipe down H. Swipe up I. Double tap the screen J. Say “OK Google, next reading control” K. Not available in TalkBack
E. Swipe down then up
334
Which browser is recommended for use with VoiceOver on macOS? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari
D. Safari
335
When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + down arrow G. Shift + down arrow H. Control + Option + right arrow I. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS
H. Control + Option + right arrow
336
When using VoiceOver in macOS, which of the following methods can NOT be used to navigate by headings? A. Ctrl + Option + Command + H B. Caps lock + H C. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of headings, then select the heading with the down arrow key
B. Caps lock + H
337
When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you navigate by landmarks? A. Ctrl + Option + R B. Ctrl + Option + Command + L C. Caps lock + L D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key E. L F. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS
D. Pull up the rotor, then use the left/right arrow keys to show the list of landmarks, then select the heading with the down arrow key
338
When using VoiceOver in macOS, how do you pull up the rotor? A. R B. Ctrl + Option + U C. Insert + F7 D. Ctrl + Shift F7 E. Caps lock + F3 F. Shift + F3 G. U H. Not available in VoiceOver in macOS
B. Ctrl + Option + U
339
Which browser is recommended for use with Narrator? A. Chrome B. Opera C. Firefox D. Safari E. Edge F. Internet Explorer
E. Edge
340
When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next item? A. N B. I C. Down arrow D. Up arrow E. Ctrl + Option + Command N F. Caps lock + right arrow G. Caps lock + down arrow H. Tab I. Not available in Narrator
F. Caps lock + right arrow
341
When using Narrator, how do you activate scan mode? A. Ctrl + Alt + S B. Ctrl + Shift S C. Caps lock + S D. Insert + S E. Space bar F. Caps lock plus space bar G. Not available in Narrator
F. Caps lock plus space bar
342
When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next heading (when in scan mode)? A. Ctrl + Alt + H B. Ctrl + Shift H C. Caps lock + H D. Insert + H E. H F. G G. Not available in Narrator
E. H
343
When using Narrator, how do you navigate to the next landmark region (when in scan mode)? A. D B. Ctrl + Alt + L C. Ctrl + Shift D D. Caps lock + L E. Insert + R F. R G. Not available in Narrator
A. D
344
When using Narrator, how do you go to the next cell in a table row? A. T B. Ctrl + Alt + C C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow D. Insert + T E. Ctrl + Shift T F. Caps lock + C G. Insert + R H. C I. Not available in Narrator
C. Ctrl + Alt + Right arrow
345
True or False: Screen Reader will read the alt text of an image within a heading as part of the heading text.
True
346
When using VoiceOver for IOS, how do you stop reading?
Tap with 2 fingers
347
When using VoiceOver for IOS, how do start reading continuously (from this point on)
Swipe down with 2 fingers
348
When using VoiceOver for IOS, how do you select an item?
Tap with 1 finger
349
When using VoiceOver for IOS, how do you choose item or activate button?
Double-tap with 1 finger
350
WCAG 2.1 updated 2.0 to be more inclusive of? A: users with cognitive or learning disabilities, B: users with low vision C: users with disabilities on mobile devices D: users with cognitive disabilities E: A,B,C
E: A,B,C A: users with cognitive or learning disabilities, B: users with low vision C: users with disabilities on mobile devices
351
Which 17 new success criteria were appended to WCAG 2.0?
1.3.4 Orientation (AA) 1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose (AA) 1.3.6 Identify Purpose (AAA) 1.4.10 Reflow (AA) 1.4.11 Non-Text Contrast (AA) 1.4.12 Text Spacing (AA) 1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus (AA) 2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts (A) 2.2.6 Timeouts (AAA) 2.3.3 Animation from Interactions (AAA) 2.5.1 Pointer Gestures (A) 2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation (A) 2.5.3 Label in Name (A) 2.5.4 Motion Actuation (A) 2.5.5 Target Size (AAA) 2.5.6 Concurrent Input Mechanisms (AAA) 4.1.3 Status Messages (AA)
352
What are the POUR Principles of WCAG 2.1
Perceivable Operable Unterstandable Robust
353
What are the Guidlines of Principle “Perceivable”?
1.1. Text alternatives Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, 1.2 Time based Media Provide alternatives for time-based media. 1.3 Adaptable Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure. 1.4 Distinguishable (Unterscheidbar) Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background.
354
What does the principle “Perceivable means?”
Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.
355
What does the Principle “Operable” mean?
User interface components and navigation must be operable.
356
What does the Principle “Understandable” mean?
Information and the operation of user interface must be understandable.
357
What does the Principle “Robust” mean?
Content must be robust enough that it can be interpreted reliably by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies.
358
What are the Guidlines of Principle “Operable”?
2.1 Keyboard Accessible Make all functionality available from a keyboard. 2.2 Enough time Provide users enough time to read and use content. 2.3 Seizures and Physical Reactions Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures. 2.4 Navigable Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are. 2.5 Input Modalities Make it easier for users to operate functionality through various inputs beyond keyboard.
359
What are the Guidlines of Principle “Understandable”?
3.1 Readable Make text content readable and understandable. 3.2 Predictable (Vorhersehbar) Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways. 3.3 Input Assistance Help users avoid and correct mistakes.
360
What are the Guidlines of Principle “Robust”?
4.1 Compatible Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies.
361
Which Guidline belongs not to the principle “Perceivable”? A: Time based Media B: Non Text Content C: Keyboard Accessibilty D: Predictable E: Adaptable
C: Keyboard Accessibilty D: Predictable
362
Which Guidline belongs to the principle “Operable”? A: Compatible B: Input Modalities C: Enough Time D: Predictable
B: Input Modalities C: Enough Time
363
How many Guidlines has WCAG 2.1? A: 12 B: 13 C: 15
B: 13
364
How many Guidlines has WCAG 2.0? A: 12 B: 13 C: 15
A: 12 The Guidline 2.5 Input Modalities is new in WCAG 2.1
365
What are the non-normative techniques for meeting WCAG 2.1 or 2.0?
A: Sufficient techniques (Ausreichende Techniken) -If the webcontent meets this techniques, it successfully meet the success criteria B: Failure techniques - If the web content fails any of these techniques, it does not meet the success criteria C: Advisory techniques (Beratungstechniken) - accessibilty best practice of meeting the success criteria
366
What additional criteria were added to the principle “Perceivable” in WCAG 2.1?
Adaptable Criteria 1.3.4 Orientation (AA) 1.3.5 Identify input purposes (AA) 1.3.6 Identify purpose (AAA) Distinguishable criteria 1.4.10 Reflow (AA) 1.4.11 Non-text contrast (AA) 1.4.12Text spacing (AA) 1.4.13 Content on hover or focus (AA)
367
When were the WCAG versions released?
WCAG 2.0 : 2008 WCAG 2.1 : 2018
368
How many new success criteria were added from WCAG 2.0 to WCAG 2.1? A: 21 B: 17 C: 12
B: 17
369
WCAG 2.1 provides 17 additional success criteria to address: A: mobile accessibility B: people with low vision C: people with cognitive and learning disabilities D: Blind people E: A,B, C F: A, C
E: A,B, C A: mobile accessibility B: people with low vision C: people with cognitive and learning disabilities
370
What additional criteria were added to the principle “Operable” in WCAG 2.1?
Keyboard Accessible 2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts (A) Enough Time 2.2.6 Timeouts (AAA) Seizures and Physical Reactions 2.3.3 Animation from Interactions (AAA) Input Modalities 2.5.1 Pointer Gestures (A) 2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation (A) 2.5.3 Label in Name (A) 2.5.4 Motion Actuation (A) 2.5.5 Target Size (AAA) 2.5.6 Concurrent Input Mechanisms (AAA)
371
What additional criteria were added to the principle “Robust” in WCAG 2.1?
Compatible 4.1.3 Status Messages (AA)
372
How should content and components be according to the perceivable guidlines?
The Perceivable guidelines say that content and components should: provide text alternatives (1.1) have specific considerations for time-based media (audio and video) (1.2) be adaptable through structure and formatting (1.3) be distinguishable in various contexts (1.4)
373
How should your website be according to the operable guidlines?
The entire webpage should be: keyboard accessible (2.1) allow enough time for viewing (2.2) be considerate of people with seizures or other sensitive reactions (2.3) be navigable (2.4) consider (berücksichtigen) various modes of device input (2.5)
374
How can we ensure that everyone can understand the services and information we have to offer? The Understandable guidelines say that your entire webpage should: A: be readable B: be predictable C: include input assistance for forms D: A,B, C E: be navigable
D: A,B, C The Understandable guidelines say that your entire webpage should: A: be readable B: be predictable C: include input assistance for forms
375
The one Robust guideline says that your entire webpage should be: A: Compatible B: Adaptable C: Navigable
A: Compatible (4.1)
376
Which new guideline was added to WCAG 2.1?
Input Modalities is the new guideline added to WCAG 2.1. Success criterias 2.5.1 Pointer Gestures (A) 2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation (A) 2.5.3 Label in Name (A) 2.5.4 Motion Actuation (A) 2.5.5 Target Size (AAA) 2.5.6 Concurrent Input Mechanisms (AAA)
377
What techniques has the W3C published for meeting WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1.? (They are not normative)
Sufficient techniques (Ausreichende): If the web content meets sufficient techniques, it successfully meets the success criterion. Failure techniques (Scheitern): If the web content fails any of these, it does not meet the success criterion. Advisory techniques (Empfohlene): Optional or conditional techniques may represent accessibility best practice or possible ways of meeting the success criterion
378
Guidline 1.1
1.1 Text Alternative Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language. Principle: Perceivable
379
Guidline 1.2
1.2 Time-based Media Provide alternatives for time-based media. Principle: Perceivable
380
Guidline 1.3
1.3 Adaptable Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure. Principle: Perceivable
381
Guidline 1.4
1.4 Distinguishable Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background. Principle: Perceivable
382
Guidline 2.1
2.1 Keyboard Accessible Make all functionality available from a keyboard. Principle: Operable
383
Guidline 2.2
2.2 Enough Time Provide users enough time to read and use content. Principle: Operable
384
Guidline 2.3
2.3 Seizures and Physical Reactions Do not design content in a way that is known to cause seizures or physical reactions. / Anfälle und physische Reaktionen Gestalten Sie Inhalte nicht auf Arten, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie zu Anfällen oder physischen Reaktionen führen. Principle: Operable
385
Guidline 2.4
2.4 Navigable Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are. Principle: Operable
386
Guidline 2.5
2.5 Input Modalities Make it easier for users to operate functionality through various inputs beyond keyboard. Principle: Operable
387
Guidline 3.1
3.1 Readable Make text content readable and understandable. Principle: Understandable
388
Guidline 3.2
3.2 Predictable Make Web pages appear and operate in predictable ways. / Vorhersehbar Sorgen Sie dafür, dass Webseiten vorhersehbar aussehen und funktionieren. Principle: Understandable
389
Guidline 3.3
3.3 Input Assistance Help users avoid and correct mistakes. Principle: Understandable
390
Guidline 4.1
4.1 Compatible Maximize compatibility with current and future user agents, including assistive technologies. Principle: Robust
391
Name some Authoring Tools. Who is ATAG for?
HTML/web editors contentmanagement systems social media sites blog commenting features discussion forums user rating features Sharepoint Google Drive ATAG is primarily for developers of authoring tools, including the following types of authoring tools: web page authoring tools, for example, what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) HTML editors software for generating websites, for example, content management systems (CMS) and learning management systems (LMS), courseware tools, content aggregators, no-code website builders software that converts documents to web content technologies, for example, word processors and other office document applications with Save as HTML or EPUB multimedia authoring tools websites that let users add content, such as blogs, wikis, photo sharing sites, online forums, and social networking sites
392
What are the two parts of ATAG?
Part A : Make the authoring tool itself accessible. (Have an accessible user interface) Part B: Support the production of accessible content Part B has 4 principles, 11 guidelines, and 32 success criteria.
393
How is the ATAG organized?
ATAG is organized in layers: Principles provide high-level organization for the guidelines. Guidelines provide the framework and objectives for the success criteria. Success criteria are the accessibility requirements, which are written as testable statements, at three levels: A, AA, AAA.
394
What are the 4 Principle of Part A (Make the Authoring Tool itself accessible)
A.1. Authoring tool user interfaces follow applicable accessibility guidelines A.2. Editing-views are perceivable A.3. Editing-views are operable A.4. Editing-views are understandable
395
What are the 4 Principle of Part B (Support the production of accessible content)
B.1. Fully automatic processes produce accessible content B.2. Authors are supported in producing accessible content B.3. Authors are supported in improving the accessibility of existing content B.4. Authoring tools promote and integrate their accessibility features
396
Based on the Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG), what must an authoring tool be? Interoperable Keyboard accessible Java based Standalone
Keyboard accessible
397
What is an example of an ARIA property? Role-menuitem Aria-selected Aria-labelledby Aria-checked
Aria-labelledby
398
Which of the following is one (1) of the three (3) areas of accessibility of the seventeen (17) new success criteria in WCAG 2.1 address? Internet of things Windows desktop features Mobility disabilities Cognitive and learning disabilities
Cognitive and learning disabilities
399
Your webpage has a set of radiobuttons for preferences. If you select the last radiobutton “other” focus is automatically moved to a text input where you can provide more information. All individual radiobuttons are labeled and the group as a whole has an associated label. Which, if any, WCAG violation applies? 2.1.1 - Keyboard 3.2.2 - Change on input 2.4.3 - Focus order None - this pattern is fully WCAG 2.1 AA conforming
3.2.2 - Change on input
400
Which of the following statement is true for the intentions of SC 1.4.12 - Text Spacing? Dictates that text and spacing must be set to one set of specified metrics. Prevents people from overriding author structure and formats. Allows user to increase spacing between lines and paragraphs. Displaying words and characters in overlapping patterns is required.
Allows user to increase spacing between lines and paragraphs.
401
Of the browsers listed below, which one is the best choice for using NVDA for accessibility testing? Safari Firefox IE 11 Edge
Firefox
402
Which option can a non-technical site owner implement to remove barriers for people using screen readers? Change outlines to zero Turn off auto-play on video players Apply a pointer gesture plug-in Display open captions
Turn off auto-play on video players
403
Which accessibility testing methodology addresses how to approach a large enterprise audit? WCAG-UX ATAG WAI-ARIA WCAG-EM
WCAG-EM
404
With these commands you can list all landmarks, except for: JAWS: Insert + F3 NVDA: Insert + F7 VoiceOver with Safari Not available Talkback- Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select landmarks VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + L
VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + L Should be Control + Option + U
405
With these commands you can navigate from one landmark to the next, except for: JAWS : D NVDA: D VoiceOver (iOS): Use the rotor to select landmarks (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger Talkback: Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select landmarks VoiceOver (macOS) Not available D
JAWS : D should be JAWS: R
406
With these commands you can navigate to the main landmarks, except for: JAWS : Q NVDA: Q 3: VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Not available Talkback: Not available VoiceOver (macOS) Not available Narrator with Edge Caps Lock + N
NVDA: Q for NVDA it is not available
407
With these commands you can list all Headings, except for: JAWS : Insert + F6 NVDA : Insert + F6 VoiceOver (iOS) Not available Talkback: Not available VoiceOver (macOS) Control + Option + U (to open rotor), then use left/right arrows to select headings
NVDA : Insert + F6 should Insert + F7
408
With these commands you can navigate from one Heading to the next, except for: 1: JAWS: H 2: NVDA : H 3. VoiceOver (iOS): not available 4: Talkback: Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select headings 5: VoiceOver (macOS) Control + Option + Command + H
VoiceOver (iOS): not available Should: Use the rotor to select headings (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger
409
With these commands you can navigate to the headings of a certain level, except for: JAWS : 1-6 NVDA: 1-6 VoiceOver(iOS): Not available Talkback: Not available VoiceOver (macOS): 1-6
VoiceOver (macOS): 1-6 for VoiceOver macOS it is not available
410
With these commands you can list all links except for: JAWS : Insert + F6 2: NVDA : Insert + F7 VoiceOver (macOS) Control + Option + U (to open the Rotor), then use left or right arrows to select links VoiceOver: Not available 5: Talkback: Not available
JAWS : Insert + F6 should be Insert + F7
411
With these commands you can navigate from one link to the nexts except for: Narrator: K JAWS: Not available NVDA: K VoiceOver (macOS): Control + Option + Command + K VoiceOver (iOS): Use the rotor to select links (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger Talkback: Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select links
VoiceOver (macOS): Control + Option + Command + K should be: Control + Option + Command + L
412
With these commands you can navigate Navigate unvisited links only except for: Narrator with Edge: Not available JAWS with Chrome, Firefox, IE: U NVDA with Firefox, Chrome U VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command + U VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Not available Talkback with Firefox Not available
VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command + U should: VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Not available
413
With these commands you can navigate visited links only except for: Narrator with Edge: V JAWS: V NVDA: V VoiceOver (macOS): Control + Option + Command + V VoiceOver (iOS): Not available Talkback: Not available
Narrator with Edge: V should: is not available
414
With these commands you can show list of all tables except for: Narrator with Edge: Not available JAWS :Insert + F3 (to open Elements List), then select tables NVDA: Insert + F7 (to open Elements List), then select tables VoiceOver (macOS) Control + Option + U (to open rotor), then use left/right arrows to select tables VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Not available 6: Talkback:Not available
NVDA: Insert + F7 (to open Elements List), then select tables Should: NVDA: Not available
415
With these commands you can navigate from one table to the next, except for: 1: Narrator with Edge: T 2: JAWS: D 3. NVDA: T 4. VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command + T 5. VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Use the rotor to select tables (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger 5: Talkback with Firefox Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select tables
2: JAWS: D should be JAWS: T
416
With these commands you can navigate between cells within a table, except for: 1:Narrator with Edge Control + Alt + Arrow keys 2: JAWS with Chrome, Firefox, IE: Control + Alt + Arrow keys 3: NVDA with Firefox, Chrome Control + Alt + Arrow keys 4: VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Arrow keys 5: VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Swipe up/down/left/right 6: Talkback with Firefox Swipe up/down/left/right
Wrong: 6: Talkback with Firefox Swipe up/down/left/right Should: Talkback with Firefox Swipe left/right and explore by touch
417
With these commands you can show all lists, except for: 1.Narrator :Not available 2. JAWS: Insert + Control + L 3. NVDA:Insert + Control + L 4. VoiceOver with Safari (macOS): Not available 5. VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Not available 6. Talkback with Firefox Not available
Wrong: 3. NVDA:Insert + Control + L Should NVDA: Not available
418
With these commands you can Navigate from One List to the Next, except for: Narrator: Not available JAWS: L NVDA: L VoiceOver with Safari (macOS): Control + Option + Command + L VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Use the rotor to select lists (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger. Note: You may need to change your VoiceOver settings to allow lists to be available with this gesture. To change the settings, go to Settings >` General >` Accessibility >` VoiceOver >` Rotor. Talkback with Firefox Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select lists
Wrong: 4. VoiceOver with Safari (macOS): Control + Option + Command + L Should VoiceOver with Safari (macOS): Control + Option + Command + X
419
With these commands you can Navigate from One List Item to the Next, except for: Narrator: Not available 2: JAWS:I 3: NVDA: I 4: VoiceOver (Mac): Control + Option + Command + I 5: VoiceOver: Not available Talkback:Not available
Wrong: 4: VoiceOver (Mac): Control + Option + Command + I Should: VoiceOver (Mac): Not available
420
With these commands you can show list of all iframes, except for: Narrator: Not available JAWS : Insert + F3 (to open Elements List), then select frames NVDA : Insert + F3 VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + U (to open rotor), then use left/right arrows to select frames VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Not available Talkback: Not available
wrong: 3. NVDA : Insert + F3 should 3. NVDA : Not available
421
With these commands you can Navigate from One Iframe to the Next, except for: Narrator: Not available JAWS : M NVDA : M VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command M VoiceOver with Safari (iOS): Use the rotor to select frames (twist two fingers on the screen to left or right), then swipe down with one finger Talkback: Local context menu (swipe up then right), then select frames
wrong: 4. VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command M should: VoiceOver with Safari (macOS) Control + Option + Command F
422
If a person types “vegetarian recipes” in a site search, which of the following is the best page title on the search result page? A. Search B. Search results C. Search results for “vegetarian recipes” D. Vegetarian recipes
C. Search results for “vegetarian recipes”
423
True or false: On a so-called single-page application — in which AJAX is used to bring in new content without refreshing or loading the entire web page — any time that the URL changes, the page title should be updated accordingly.
TRUE
424
Which of the following would be the best `` for a page describing the autocorrect features of a software product called "Tri-coil" by a company named "Bob's Brilliant Software?" A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob’s Brilliant Software B. Bob’s Brilliant Software: Tri-coil - autocorrect features C. Features D. All of the above are equally good
A. Autocorrect features in Tri-coil, by Bob’s Brilliant Software
425
What is the first thing screenreader user hears?
The page title
426
What language does the screen reader read if no language is specified in the HTML document?
Users select a default language when installing and configuring their screen reader, so if no language is specified in the HTML document, the screen reader will read the document in the user’s default language.
427
Identifying the language of a document or part of a document is important for users of: A. Voice recognition software B. Screen readers C. Screen magnifiers D. All of the above
B. Screen readers
428
The correct language code for German web content is: A. lang=”en” B. lang=”German” C. lang=”german” D. lang=”deutch” E. lang=”de” F. lang=”d”
E. lang=”de”
429
The correct location to identify the main language of an entire page is: A. On the `` element B. On the `` element C. On the `` element D. In a ```` element in the `` of the document E. On every block level element in the content
B. On the `` element
430
If the user has the screen reader language set to French and a web page is written in English but does NOT specify the language of the document in the markup, how will the screen reader read the text? A. It will translate the text to French B. It will notify the user that there is a mismatch in languages C. It will read the English words using French pronunciation rules D. It will detect the language automatically and read the text with the correct pronunciation E. It will cause the screen reader to turn off
C. It will read the English words using French pronunciation rules
431
All of the following are valid ARIA landmark roles except: A. banner B. navigation C. main D. end E. search
D. end
432
A page with 47 landmarks: A. Shows a high level of dedication to accessibility best practices B. Probably has too many landmarks to be optimally useful to screen reader users C. Demonstrates the popularity of the web page D. Is using deprecated markup, and should be updated with more modern methods
B. Probably has too many landmarks to be optimally useful to screen reader users
433
If there are multiple navigation landmarks in the same page: A. Each landmark should have its own unique title attribute B. Screen readers will ignore all but the first one C. The markup is invalid: there should be only one navigation landmark per page D. The screen reader is likely to crash, especially older versions E. Each landmark should have its own aria-label or aria-labelledby attribute
E. Each landmark should have its own aria-label or aria-labelledby attribute
434
Which of the following does NOT represent best practice, in terms of creating a structured outline of the content with headings? A. `` `
` `` `` `` `` `` B. `` `` `` `` `` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`
` `` `` `` B. `` `` `` `` `` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`
` `` B. `` `` `` `` `` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`
` `` `` `` `` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`
` `` `` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`
` `` C. `` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
`` `` `` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``` `` `` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``
``
``` `` D. `` `` `
``
``
``
``` `` `
``
``
C. `` `
` `` `` `` `` `` `
``
``
``
``
`
` `` `` `` `
``
``
``
``` `` `
``
``
435
If the heading level 1 (`
`) at the beginning of the main content says “How to hang ten on a surfboard,” the most appropriate `` for the page from among the options below would be: A. How to ride a surfboard B. Surfing tutorial C. Summers in California D. How to hang ten on a surfboard E. An article describing how to hang ten on a surfboard, describing the techniques and circumstances in which it is possible to do it
D. How to hang ten on a surfboard
436
Which of the following will be recognized as a valid heading by screen readers? A. `
``
` B. ``Legal disclaimer`` C. ``The secrets beneath the ocean’s surface`
` D. ``Understand yourself`
`
C. `
`The secrets beneath the ocean’s surface`
`
437
True or False: WCAG 2.0 level double A (AA) requires headings to be in a valid hierarchy under all circumstances. A heading 4 (``) cannot directly follow a heading 2 (`
`) cannot directly follow a heading 2 (``), for example. The next subheading under the heading 2 (``) MUST be a heading 3 (``).
`) MUST be a heading 3 (``).
FALSE
438
True or False: Screen readers will read the alt text of an image within a heading as part of the heading text.
TRUE
439
What is the official character limit within a heading? A. 256 characters B. 140 characters C. 1024 characters D. It depends on the level of the heading E. There is no official limit
E. There is no official limit
440
All of the following statements are true, except: A. Users should be warned if a link opens a new window. B. Link text should include words like “link” or “click” so screen reader users know it is a link. C. For images used as links, the alternative text for the image functions as link text for screen reader users. D. Links with the same text should go to the same place.
B. Link text should include words like “link” or “click” so screen reader users know it is a link.
441
True or false: Links must be visually distinguishable from the surrounding non-link text
TRUE
442
True or false: Links can be the same color as the surrounding non-link text as long as an underline appears on mouse hover and on keyboard focus.
FALSE
443
The main navigation menu should: A. Be consistently located B. Be consistently ordered C. Be positioned horizontally D. Include drop-down submenus E. A and B F. All of the above
E. A and B
444
True or false: Links on the same page that go to the same destination should have the same text within the link.
TRUE
445
The correct way to designate a navigation list as a navigation landmark is: A. Wrap the navigation list in a `` container or in a container marked with role=”navigation” B. Set role=”navigation” on every link in the navigation list, or wrap each link in `` elements C. There is no need to add anything to the markup. Screen readers automatically detect navigation lists and announce them to users D. Wrap the navigation list in a `` container``
A. Wrap the navigation list in a `` container or in a container marked with role=”navigation”
446
True or false: Screen readers can identify the current location within a navigation menu based on the visual styles
FALSE
447
All of the following are true about skip links, except: A. Must be placed just before the main navigation menu B. Must be accessible to keyboard-only users C. Must be accessible to screen reader users D. Must become visible upon receiving focus, if hidden
A. Must be placed just before the main navigation menu
448
True or false: Sighted keyboard users can navigate by headings, landmarks, and other semantic features, just like blind screen reader users.
FALSE
449
Which of the following methods could be used to mark the current location within a paginated view? (Select all that apply) A. hidden text B. aria-label C. aria-labelledby D. aria-describedby E. All of the above
E. All of the above
450
What SHOULD be the first focusable element on the page.
A “skip navigation link”
451
Where should the “skip link” be placed in the DOM? A: in the body tag B: in the main tag C: before the main navigation tag D: A und C
D. A “skip navigation link” should be placed at the very beginning of the document, right after the opening `` tag
452
True or False: Layout tables are not permitted by WCAG standards.
FALSE
453
The accessible name for a data table should be contained in what element? A. `` B. `` C. `` D. `` E. `` F. The first row of the table (the columns of that row should be merged into a single cell)
C. ``
454
The correct way to code a table cell that is a column header cell is: A. `` B. `` C. `` D. ``
C. ``
455
In a table with two header cells in the first row (“Male” and “Female”), and with 5 header cells under each of them, the header cells in the first row should be marked as: A. `` B. `` C. `` D. ``
C. ``
456
In complex tables, each data cell must be explicitly associated with each corresponding header cell by which method? A. scope + header B. id + header C. id + scope D. Merging table cells
B. id + header
457
True or false: Complex tables with merged cells are easy for screen readers to understand, as long as the table has all the necessary accessible markup.
FALSE
458
True or false: Screen readers will announce the number of items in a bulleted list if the list is marked up properly.
TRUE
459
True or false: Screen readers do not read nested lists (lists within lists) properly.
FALSE
460
True or false: Screen readers will recognize the following code as a list: `
`1. First item`
```2. Second item`
```3. Third item`
FALSE
461
What do iframes require so that screen reader users can find them?
From an accessibility standpoint, iframes require titles, so that screen reader users can find them and navigate to them
462
One of the main ways to make an `` accessible is to add: A. a title attribute B. an alt attribute C. a name attribute D. a `` element E. tabindex="0" F. a `` element
A. a title attribute
463
What does the JAWS screen reader read with regard to the name/label of an ``? A. The name attribute on the `` element B. The title attribute on the `` element C. The `` element of the page within the iframe D. The title attribute of the page within the iframe
C. The `` element of the page within the iframe
464
If a page has 3 headings, and an ``, and if the page within the `` has 2 headings, how many headings total will show up in the screen reader’s list of headings on the parent page? A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 13
B. 5
465
If an `` contains only JavaScript that is not meant to be read by the user, what is the best way to address this `` in terms of accessibility? A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden=”true” B. Hide it with display
A. Hide it from screen reader users with aria-hidden=”true”
466
Which of the following elements will most screen readers announce to users (in terms of the semantic meaning of the element itself)? A. q B. del C. ins D. mark E. code F. pre G. B and C H. D and E I. All of the above J. None of the above
J. None of the above
467
If you want to highlight text on a web page, when is it necessary to add additional text so that screen reader users know the text is important? A. Always B. Never C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text
C. When the emphasis in the highlighting changes the meaning of the text
468
Screen readers announce emphasized text when it is marked with: A. b B. i C. em D. strong E. mark F. The word “Important: “ (or similar) in front of the emphasized text G. All of the above H. None of the above
F. The word “Important: “ (or similar) in front of the emphasized text
469
What will a screen reader say when it comes across code marked as follows? `
`Twin mattress ``$300`` ``$250``!`
A. Twin mattress $300 $250!
470
Which of the following is a recommended way to emphasize text accessibly for screen reader users? A. Add a graphic element with “Important” as its alt text B. Use all capital letters C. Increase the font size D. Add class=”important” to the text E. Style the text using ````
A. Add a graphic element with “Important” as its alt text
471
True or False: The concept of robust technology compatibility is to support compatibility of web content with current and future user agents — especially assistive technologies.
TRUE
472
Which of the following is NOT considered an aspect of well-formed markup? A. Elements are properly nested. B. Content has been spell-checked. C. All id attributes are unique. D. Elements do not contain duplicate attributes.
B. Content has been spell-checked.
473
Which of the following statement(s) about deprecated HTML elements or attributes is/are FALSE? A. They have been replaced by newer constructs such as CSS. B. They are typically structural in nature. C. They may cause users to be unable to override the deprecated items with their own style sheets. D. They are disallowed by WCAG 2.0 standards. E. They are outdated or obsolete. F. Both B & D
F. Both B & D
474
All of the following HTML elements are deprecated (veraltet) in HTML5 except: A. `` B. `` C. `` D. `` E. All of the above are deprecated.
E. All of the above are deprecated.
475
What is the official character limit within a heading? A: 256 Characters B: 140 Characters C: 1024 Characters D: It depends on the level of the heading E: There is no official limit
E: There is no official limit
476
The List shows HTML5 elements. What are the corresponding ARIA role? ``
``
``
``
``
``
``
``
N/A
477
Which landmarks should not be used more than once?
ARIA role banner, main, and contentinfo.
478
Where should a “skip navigation link” be placed? A: at the beginning of the document B: in the Header element C: after the opening body D: A und C
D A “skip navigation link” should be placed at the very beginning of the document, right after the opening ``.
