Wartime Conferences Flashcards
Atlantic Charter
August 1941 – Churchill and Roosevelt meet in Secret
Takes place in the Atlantic – near coast of Newfoundland
8 Point Plan devised concerning post war world - US still not involved in war
Plan similar to Wilson’s 14 Points – economic cooperation, peace, no territorial changes
Binds the US to Great Britain – did not commit the US to war
Washington Conference
Takes place in January 1942 (after attack on Pearl Harbour and US at war)
Roosevelt and Churchill meet to discuss response
Agree to the following
A. Concentrate on defeating Germany first
B. Pooling British and American military resources under one command
C. Shortly after issued ‘Declaration for United Nations’
Initially meant only those countries at war with Axis Powers (to fight together)
Some Problems
US wanted open trading in aftermath of War – Churchill disagreed (Britain Lead)
US proposed opening 2nd Front – Churchill disagreed – Mediterranean Policy
Stalin would not approve self determination when he had own goals
Casablanca Conference
June 1943 – Churchill and Roosevelt (also de Gaulle ) – Stalin busy at Stalingrad
Meetings takes place in Casablanca (French Morocco, North Africa)
Two pledge to fight until Axis power surrender unconditionally
Issue of Second Front still an issue between the two
Focus of war effort is on the Mediterranean policy – Italy and Sicily
Decision to invade Sicily – Operation Torch/Husky…
Defeat of Germany over Japan was emphasized
Roosevelt assured Stalin they would still receive necessary war materials
Also agreed that Germany, Italy and Japan should unconditionally surrender
Stalin angered and resentful about the lack of opening second front (see motives)
Opening of Second Front would take place in 1944
2nd Washington Conference /Quebec
2nd Washington
Takes place May 1943 – between Roosevelt and Churchill
Continued the debate about invasion of Sicily and Second Front
Roosevelt did not want to divert troops to different front – Churchill wants Mediterannean
Roosevelt ultimately sided with Churchill despite reservations
Quebec Conference
Takes place in August 1943
Discussions of joint military action between US and UK – mostly with respect to Italy
Tensions continued to mount – agreed on continued assistance to China
Eisenhower chosen to head Operation Overofd
Bombing campaign against Germany intensified
Tehran Conference
November 1943 – Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin (Big Three)
Takes place in Tehran, Iran (Soviet Embassy)
Promise from the Allies of a cross channel invasion for Stalin next year
Partisans in the Balkans were to be given assistance such as supplies
USA would continue its war of offensive in the Pacific
Boarders of Finland extended
Stalin promise to take part in the war in the Pacific at suitable time
Part of Italian navy was to be given to Soviet Union – after war
An area of eastern Poland was to be added to USSR
International peacekeeping would be set up – United Nations
Quebec Conference/Moscow Conference
Quebec Conference
Took place in September 1944
Tensions between US and U erupt over us of Royal Navy in Pacific
US did not want navy to participate in main theater – would be used
Morgenthau Plan discussed – de-industrialization of Germany/Agriculture
US and UK agree on zones of occupation for Germany
Moscow Conference
Percentages agreement reached with Churchill and Stalin – areas of intertest
Looked at areas in Greece and Balkans and extent of influence in region
Yalta Conference
February 1945 – Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin – Big Three
Takes place at Yalta in the Crimea, Ukraine (south coast)
Focus on the end of the war and its aftermath
Outlined measures to be taken against Germany after war – divided into four zones
Berlin was also to be divided like the rest of the nation
Committee set up to oversee the administration of Germany – Allied Control Council
Also gave Stalin guarantees of security in Eastern Europe (friendly)
Allies would help to establish elections free elections in Eastern Europe
Poland also focus of the discussion
Stalin agrees to join war in 2-3 months against Japan
See also the creation of the United Nations
Potsdam Conference
July 1945 – Truman, Atlee, and Stalin (change in leadership)
Takes place in Potsdam, near Berlin Germany
Germany has surrendered but war in Japan is still going on
New leaders and new developments have taken place
Truman will replace Roosevelt as leader of the United States
Clement Atlee will take over for Churchill for the UK
USA now in possession of the nuclear bomb (use to influence policy)
Disagreements begin to surface: Germany, Eastern Europe, Poland
