Wars Of The Roses Flashcards
When was the battle of bosworth
22 August 1485
When was the battle of edgecote moor
26 July 1469
When was the first battle of St. Albans
22 May 1455
When was the second battle of St. Albans
17 February 1461
When was the battle of Tewkesbury
4 May 1471
When was the battle of Towton
29 March 1461
When was the battle of Northampton
10 July 1460
When was the battle of barnet
14 April 1371
When was Henry VI born
6 December 1421
When did Henry VI suffer his first bout with mental illness
December 1453
When was the start of York’s first protectorate
April 1454
When did the Wars of the Roses begin
22 May 1455
When did Richard, Duke of York return from Ireland
August 1450
Who was Henry V
Henry V, a member of the House of Lancaster, was crowned king in 1413 at the age of 26. Henry spent most of his reign campaigning in France in order to regain territories claimed by his ancestors. The highlight of his three invasions of France (1415, 1417-1421, and 1422) was the Battle of Agincourt fought on October 25, 1415 during the Hundred Year’s War. Henry crushed a much larger French army leaving him in control of Northern France. Henry died at the age of 35 of an unknown illness, leaving the crown to his infant son, Henry VI.
Who was Henry VI
Henry VI was crowned king of both England and France when he was an infant. During his reign his country lost the Hundred Year’s War and all of its French territories except for Calais. In 1445 he married Margaret of Anjou. At the age of 32 (1453) he suffered his first attack of mental illness and control of the country was taken up by Richard, duke of York. The next year he recovered and clashed with Richard over who would rule England thus starting the Wars of the Roses. At the battle of Northampton in 1460 he was captured by the Yorkist forces and forced to acknowledge Richard as the rightful heir to the throne. In 1461 he lost the throne to Richard’s son Edward IV. He was briefly restored as ruler from 1470 to 1471 but before the battle of Barnet in April he was captured by Edward and sent to the tower of London where he was murdered on May 21, 1471.
Who was Edward IV
Edward IV ascended to the throne in 1461 finally achieving the goal of seating a member of the York family pushed forth by his father, Richard, duke of York, for the entire decade of the 1450s. He fought alongside his father at the battle at Ludford after which Edward fled to Calais with the earl of Warwick and the earl of Salisbury. Edward defeated the Lancastrians at Mortimor’s Cross and was proclaimed king in March 1461. In 1464 he married Elizabeth Woodville which became the root of many future troubles. Unable to muster enough forces to confront a set of Lancastrian armies, Edward fled to Holland in September 1470. The next year he returned and defeated the Lancastrian forces at the battle of Tewkesbury. That same year he had Henry VI executed. He died in 1483.
What was the significance of the Battle of Tewkesbury
The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses. The forces loyal to the House of Lancaster were completely defeated by those of the rival House of York under their monarch, King Edward IV. The Lancastrian heir to the throne, Edward, Prince of Wales, and many prominent Lancastrian nobles were killed during the battle or were dragged from sanctuary two days later and immediately executed. The Lancastrian king, Henry VI, who was a prisoner in the Tower of London, died or was murdered shortly after the battle. Tewkesbury restored political stability to England until the death of Edward IV in 1483.
What happened at the battle of Tewkesbury
The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses. The forces loyal to the House of Lancaster were completely defeated by those of the rival House of York under their monarch, King Edward IV. The Lancastrian heir to the throne, Edward, Prince of Wales, and many prominent Lancastrian nobles were killed during the battle or were dragged from sanctuary two days later and immediately executed. The Lancastrian king, Henry VI, who was a prisoner in the Tower of London, died or was murdered shortly after the battle. Tewkesbury restored political stability to England until the death of Edward IV in 1483.
What happened at the battle of Towton
The Battle of Towton was fought during the English Wars of the Roses on 29 March 1461, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward, Duke of York (who became King Edward IV (1461–1483)) having displaced the Lancastrian King Henry VI (1422–1461) as king, and thus drove the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country. According to chroniclers, more than 50,000 soldiers from the Houses of York and Lancaster fought for hours amidst a snowstorm on that day, which was Palm Sunday. A newsletter circulated a week after the battle reported that 28,000 died on the battlefield.
What was the act of accord
The Act of Accord was passed by the English Parliament on 25 October 1460. Under the Act, King Henry VI of England was to retain the crown for life but York and his heirs were to succeed, excluding Henry’s son Edward of Westminster. Henry was forced to agree to the Act.
Far from ending the Wars of the Roses, it split the kingdom further, as it was unacceptable to Henry’s queen, who saw her son disinherited, while retaining a large body of Lancastrian supporters. In the immediate aftermath, the Lancastrians defeated and killed York in December 1460 (even though the Act had made it high treason to kill him), but they were in turn defeated in spring 1461 by York’s son Edward, who then became king.
What happened at the first battle of St. Albans
The First Battle of St Albans, fought on 22 May 1455 at St Albans, 22 miles (35 km) north of London, traditionally marks the beginning of the Wars of the Roses. Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, defeated the Lancastrians under Edmund, Duke of Somerset, who was killed. With King Henry VI captured, the parliament appointed Richard, Duke of York, Lord Protector.
Who established the house of Lancaster
Henry of Bollingbroke established the house of Lancaster when he deposed Richard II in1399.
What was the basis of the Lancastrian claim to the Throne
The Lancastrian claim to the throne descended from John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the third surviving son of Edward III
