Wars Of The Roses

Question 1

When was the battle of bosworth

Answer 1

22 August 1485

Question 2

When was the battle of edgecote moor

Answer 2

26 July 1469

Question 3

When was the first battle of St. Albans

Answer 3

22 May 1455

Question 4

When was the second battle of St. Albans

Answer 4

17 February 1461

Question 5

When was the battle of Tewkesbury

Answer 5

4 May 1471

Question 6

When was the battle of Towton

Answer 6

29 March 1461

Question 7

When was the battle of Northampton

Answer 7

10 July 1460

Question 8

When was the battle of barnet

Answer 8

14 April 1371

Question 9

When was Henry VI born

Answer 9

6 December 1421

Question 10

When did Henry VI suffer his first bout with mental illness

Answer 10

December 1453

Question 11

When was the start of York’s first protectorate

Answer 11

April 1454

Question 12

When did the Wars of the Roses begin

Answer 12

22 May 1455

Question 13

When did Richard, Duke of York return from Ireland

Answer 13

August 1450

Question 14

Who was Henry V

Answer 14

Henry V, a member of the House of Lancaster, was crowned king in 1413 at the age of 26. Henry spent most of his reign campaigning in France in order to regain territories claimed by his ancestors. The highlight of his three invasions of France (1415, 1417-1421, and 1422) was the Battle of Agincourt fought on October 25, 1415 during the Hundred Year’s War. Henry crushed a much larger French army leaving him in control of Northern France. Henry died at the age of 35 of an unknown illness, leaving the crown to his infant son, Henry VI.

Question 15

Who was Henry VI

Answer 15

Henry VI was crowned king of both England and France when he was an infant. During his reign his country lost the Hundred Year’s War and all of its French territories except for Calais. In 1445 he married Margaret of Anjou. At the age of 32 (1453) he suffered his first attack of mental illness and control of the country was taken up by Richard, duke of York. The next year he recovered and clashed with Richard over who would rule England thus starting the Wars of the Roses. At the battle of Northampton in 1460 he was captured by the Yorkist forces and forced to acknowledge Richard as the rightful heir to the throne. In 1461 he lost the throne to Richard’s son Edward IV. He was briefly restored as ruler from 1470 to 1471 but before the battle of Barnet in April he was captured by Edward and sent to the tower of London where he was murdered on May 21, 1471.

Question 16

Who was Edward IV

Answer 16

Edward IV ascended to the throne in 1461 finally achieving the goal of seating a member of the York family pushed forth by his father, Richard, duke of York, for the entire decade of the 1450s. He fought alongside his father at the battle at Ludford after which Edward fled to Calais with the earl of Warwick and the earl of Salisbury. Edward defeated the Lancastrians at Mortimor’s Cross and was proclaimed king in March 1461. In 1464 he married Elizabeth Woodville which became the root of many future troubles. Unable to muster enough forces to confront a set of Lancastrian armies, Edward fled to Holland in September 1470. The next year he returned and defeated the Lancastrian forces at the battle of Tewkesbury. That same year he had Henry VI executed. He died in 1483.

Question 17

What was the significance of the Battle of Tewkesbury

Answer 17

The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses. The forces loyal to the House of Lancaster were completely defeated by those of the rival House of York under their monarch, King Edward IV. The Lancastrian heir to the throne, Edward, Prince of Wales, and many prominent Lancastrian nobles were killed during the battle or were dragged from sanctuary two days later and immediately executed. The Lancastrian king, Henry VI, who was a prisoner in the Tower of London, died or was murdered shortly after the battle. Tewkesbury restored political stability to England until the death of Edward IV in 1483.

Question 18

What happened at the battle of Tewkesbury

Answer 18

The Battle of Tewkesbury, which took place on 4 May 1471, was one of the decisive battles of the Wars of the Roses. The forces loyal to the House of Lancaster were completely defeated by those of the rival House of York under their monarch, King Edward IV. The Lancastrian heir to the throne, Edward, Prince of Wales, and many prominent Lancastrian nobles were killed during the battle or were dragged from sanctuary two days later and immediately executed. The Lancastrian king, Henry VI, who was a prisoner in the Tower of London, died or was murdered shortly after the battle. Tewkesbury restored political stability to England until the death of Edward IV in 1483.

Question 19

What happened at the battle of Towton

Answer 19

The Battle of Towton was fought during the English Wars of the Roses on 29 March 1461, near the village of Towton in Yorkshire. It brought about a change of monarchs in England, with the victor, the Yorkist Edward, Duke of York (who became King Edward IV (1461–1483)) having displaced the Lancastrian King Henry VI (1422–1461) as king, and thus drove the head of the Lancastrians and his key supporters out of the country. According to chroniclers, more than 50,000 soldiers from the Houses of York and Lancaster fought for hours amidst a snowstorm on that day, which was Palm Sunday. A newsletter circulated a week after the battle reported that 28,000 died on the battlefield.

Question 20

What was the act of accord

Answer 20

The Act of Accord was passed by the English Parliament on 25 October 1460. Under the Act, King Henry VI of England was to retain the crown for life but York and his heirs were to succeed, excluding Henry’s son Edward of Westminster. Henry was forced to agree to the Act.

Far from ending the Wars of the Roses, it split the kingdom further, as it was unacceptable to Henry’s queen, who saw her son disinherited, while retaining a large body of Lancastrian supporters. In the immediate aftermath, the Lancastrians defeated and killed York in December 1460 (even though the Act had made it high treason to kill him), but they were in turn defeated in spring 1461 by York’s son Edward, who then became king.

Question 21

What happened at the first battle of St. Albans

Answer 21

The First Battle of St Albans, fought on 22 May 1455 at St Albans, 22 miles (35 km) north of London, traditionally marks the beginning of the Wars of the Roses. Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, defeated the Lancastrians under Edmund, Duke of Somerset, who was killed. With King Henry VI captured, the parliament appointed Richard, Duke of York, Lord Protector.

Question 22

Who established the house of Lancaster

Answer 22

Henry of Bollingbroke established the house of Lancaster when he deposed Richard II in1399.

Question 23

What was the basis of the Lancastrian claim to the Throne

Answer 23

The Lancastrian claim to the throne descended from John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, the third surviving son of Edward III