Wars Flashcards
How many people died during the Crimean War and what was the main reason for most of these deaths? (Social)
450,000 casualties, 4/5 from disease
What reforms did the Crimean War result in? (Social)
Reforms in local government e.g. representative local councils called Zemstvas.
Education and judiciary reforms followed.
What economic policy did the Crimean War result in and why? (Social)
Emancipation of the Serfs
Serfdom seen as the root cause of Russia’s stagnation in technology
What economic policy did the Crimean War result in and why? (Economic)
Railway Development. War exposed Russia’s inability to mobilise resources and troops that were needed to swiftly deal with invasions. The British and French had superior arms e.g. steamships due to their modern industries.
What land was lost due to the 1856 Treaty of Paris? (Political)
South Bessarabia was given to Moldova.
What duty did Russia lose due to the 1856 Treaty of Paris and why was this significant? (Political)
Duty of protecting Christians in the Ottoman Empire was given to other European powers. Weakened the bond between the tsar and the orthodox church.
What negative military impact did the 1856 Treaty of Paris have on Russia? (Political)
Prohibited from maintaining naval fortifications on the Black Sea Coast.
Did the 1856 Treaty of Paris have any positive impact on Russia? (Political)
Yes.
Military training was improved, creating a more professional and ‘Westernised’ army (Milyutin’s reforms)
What was the overall impact of the 1856 Treaty of Paris on Russia? (Political)
The harsh and humiliating terms of the treaty resulted in questioning of the regime and Russia’s status as a world power.
What gained increased support due to the Russo-Turkish War? (Social)
Increased support for Russification and pan-Slavism.
How did the Russo-Turkish War cause social unrest? (Social)
Social unrest from nationalists due to the conditions of the Congress of Berlin.
How much opposition was there during the Russo-Turkish War? (Social)
No widespread demonstrations during the war, perhaps due to the patriotic nature of the war.
What major event did the Russo-Turkish War perhaps lead to? (Social)
The assassination of Alexander II.
What was the positive economic impact of the Russo-Turkish War?
Showcased Russia’s industrial progress e.g. successes of engineering section of the army and use of steam-powered vessels to destroy Turkish ships.
What was the negative economic impact of the Russo-Turkish War?
Financial crisis and the collapse of the rouble resulted in Alexander III’s state controlled economy and grain exportation.
What was the impact of the 1876 San Stefano Treaty? (Political)
Russia gained South Bessarabia and territory in the Caucasus.
A ‘large’ Bulgaria was established.
What was the impact of the 1878 Congress of Berlin?
Britain administered Cyprus to strengthen its influence in the Balkans.
Austria-Hungary governed Bosnia, Bulgaria was made smaller.
What was the political impact of the Russo-Turkish War on Russia due to the 1878 Congress of Berlin?
Russian nationalists and pan-Slavic supporters were angered by these concessions to Austria and Britain.
What was the social impact of the Revolutions?
Centralised control of everyday life - education, family life, production targets, living conditions.
What was the economic impact of the Revolutions?
Centralised planning and control of the economy.
