Warnings

Question 1

Types of warning

Answer 1

Passive warning- visible to users and do not require immediate actions
Do not interrupt user
Highly ineffective
Usually not noticed and if noticed poorly understood.

Active warnings: block the program execution and require immediate action
Always noticed
Interrupt user
Highly ineffective
Always click ok
Poorly understood

Question 2

Accuracy of warnings

Answer 2

Lowering false negatives increases false positives and vice versa. Making fn lower, means detection mechanism is more sensitive, this leads to mechanism reacting to danger indicator they previously missed and thus fp increases.

Example: anitvirus/anti phishing danger not recognized is fn
Benign email classified as dangerous is fp

Question 3

Is compliance with warnings always the best reaction

Answer 3

Non compliance can be correct decision if warning has high false positive rates

Question 4

Problematic reactions to warnings

Answer 4

Over compliance, if warning then always comply

Over-reliance-if not warning then everything okay

Question 5

Biases in reactions to warnings

Answer 5

Automation bias- full trust in warnings

Cry-wolf- no trust in warning, additional info relied upon

Question 6

For uses to comply with warnings, warning should be

Answer 6

Better designed
More understandable
More persuasive
More frightening
More difficult to surpass

Question 7

AV perfect security tool?

Answer 7

-users feel protected especially if they paid for it
-feel grateful
-forgive small usability issues

Question 8

Influencing factors in warnings

Answer 8

1.personal variables(expertise in the domain of th warning)

2.design(noticable, text, layout,)

3.content(understandable)

4.accuracy(fn and fp rates)

5.habituation

6. Generalization