Warfare Through Time

Question 1

1250s to 1500s

Answer 1

Middle Ages (battle of Falkirk) to late Middle Ages (battle of agincourt)

Question 2

1500s to 1700s

Answer 2

Late Middle Ages to the civil war

Question 3

1700s to 1900s

Answer 3

Industrial Age

Question 4

1900s to 2000s

Answer 4

Modern period to present day

Question 5

1298

Answer 5

Battle of Falkirk

Question 6

1415

Answer 6

Battle of agincourt

Question 7

1645

Answer 7

Battle of naseby

Question 8

1815

Answer 8

Battle of Waterloo

Question 9

1854

Answer 9

Battle of balaclava

Question 10

1916

Answer 10

Battle of the Somme

Question 11

1250s to 1500s weaponry

Answer 11

Swords: main weapon used by knights, broad and flat ➡️ became thinner and sharp pointed to thrust between plates of armour

Stakes: a blade attracted to a stake of wood to create schiltrons ➡️ stakes of wood in the ground

Crossbow (fired bolts rate of fire slow) longbows (steel arrowheads shot in a storm) ➡️ cannons used but have short range and low accuracy. Bad in wet weather.

Question 12

1250s to 1500s training and recruitment

Answer 12

Feudal summons issued to all noblemen to fight for 40 days CONS needed longer than 40 days, couldn’t be confident in the amount that would turn up ➡️ compulsory for all men aged 16 to 63 to practice archery every Sunday.

General summons fight on the basis of loyalty to the king CONS still unsure on amount. ➡️ there was local défense. Also, regions closest to the fighting would be recruited more.

Question 13

1250s to 1500s experience of civilians

Answer 13

Soldiers served forty days.

There were raids of livestock and homes were ruined, enemies weakened you by limiting resources and destroying morale, no one really knew what was going on in battles➡️ literacy rates and population increases so therefore more people were informed of battles.

Sheltering soliders, civillains had to offer shelter to soliders. Direct and indirect taxations led to a rebellion in 1381 ➡️ peasants revolt made tax be revolted against

Question 14

1500s to 1700s weaponary

Answer 14

Swords were thin and sharp ➡️ swords and pikes continued

1700S introduction of flintlock muskets that gunpowder fired, unreliable especially in wet weather and dangerous. Also expensive. Pistols larger and heavier, more reliable but short range.

Bad cannons ➡️. The industrial movement is moving so more production of cannons meant they were easier to get and fire.

Question 15

1500s to 1700s training and recruitment

Answer 15

From contracts ➡️ to recruitment of militias who owned weapons for local defence but the contracts continued.

1700s self denying ordinance removed incompetent leaders who were only there because of their status, national army.

Question 16

1500s to 1700s experience of civilians

Answer 16

1700s Propaganda begins in attempts to inform and appeal, towns still attacked and sieged, causality rates higher, intensity higher

Question 17

1700s to 1900s weaponary

Answer 17

Brown Bess musket muzzle loaded flintlock loaded with gunpowder, unreliable ➡️ Enfield rifle and bayonet breech loaded. Much more reliable and mass produced.

Artillery cannons stil an issue ➡️ cannons better

Question 18

1700s to 1900s training and recruitments

Answer 18

Oath of loyalty for new recruit, bounty for enlisters 40 percent of their income. Crimps kidnapped soldiers to fight. Public houses, pubs, theatres etc, purchase system for parents sons ➡️ the royal commission set up by the government to investigate mismanagement of supplies. Cardwells reforms meant abolishing of the purchase system. Reduction of the enlistment period form 21 years to 12 years six years active six years reserve

Question 19

1900s to 200s weaponary

Answer 19

Enfield rifles and bayonets breech loaded accurate and machine guns heavy and immobile ➡️ machine guns mobile, lightweight, mounted on helicopters and tanks.

Grenades improved in 1915, MILLS bomb. Shells one third failed, loads were fired. ➡️ PGM, precision guided missiles have a set target. Nuclear bombs ICBMS warhead across a continent.

Tanks first used 1916 unreliable but intimidating overheated too ➡️ tanks challenger two is fast and reliable.

Communication aerial surveillance, pigeons phone cables and morse code ➡️ radar, radio and coding

Question 20

1900s to present day recruitment

Answer 20

BRITISH expaditionary force, conscription your country needs you men have to sign up you can be exempt ➡️ national service men expected to serve 18 months but then voluntary service campaigns for people to sign.

Properganda Lord Kitchener, made men want to fight ➡️ advertisements campaigns

Present day women can serve but wouldn’t be assigned to combat but can be gunners medics pilots

Question 21

1900s to 2000s experience of civilians

Answer 21

Censorship designed to stop bad news from interrupting morale ➡️ news and social media still censorship

Bombing raids, blackout etc ➡️ not near the fight but terrorism occurs

Question 22

Battle of naseby 1645

Answer 22

Oliver Cromwell leader of parliamentarians

King leader of royalists

Open fields, both armies on ridges. Push of pike used to push against eachother. Swedish salvo formation where the first row would kneel second could crouch and first would stand. To reload muskets.

Royalists were overconfident and had fewer men, Cromwell controlled his infantry.

Muskets had limited range and accuracy, cavalry wooed with Infantry to win

Question 23

Battle of Waterloo (1815)

Answer 23

French v allies

Wellington (allied commander) waited For the French to attacks as they had more men. The battlefield was very marshy

Question 24

Battle of balaclava (1854)

Answer 24

Big cavalry