Warfare Through Time Flashcards
1250s to 1500s
Middle Ages (battle of Falkirk) to late Middle Ages (battle of agincourt)
1500s to 1700s
Late Middle Ages to the civil war
1700s to 1900s
Industrial Age
1900s to 2000s
Modern period to present day
1298
Battle of Falkirk
1415
Battle of agincourt
1645
Battle of naseby
1815
Battle of Waterloo
1854
Battle of balaclava
1916
Battle of the Somme
1250s to 1500s weaponry
Swords: main weapon used by knights, broad and flat ➡️ became thinner and sharp pointed to thrust between plates of armour
Stakes: a blade attracted to a stake of wood to create schiltrons ➡️ stakes of wood in the ground
Crossbow (fired bolts rate of fire slow) longbows (steel arrowheads shot in a storm) ➡️ cannons used but have short range and low accuracy. Bad in wet weather.
1250s to 1500s training and recruitment
Feudal summons issued to all noblemen to fight for 40 days CONS needed longer than 40 days, couldn’t be confident in the amount that would turn up ➡️ compulsory for all men aged 16 to 63 to practice archery every Sunday.
General summons fight on the basis of loyalty to the king CONS still unsure on amount. ➡️ there was local défense. Also, regions closest to the fighting would be recruited more.
1250s to 1500s experience of civilians
Soldiers served forty days.
There were raids of livestock and homes were ruined, enemies weakened you by limiting resources and destroying morale, no one really knew what was going on in battles➡️ literacy rates and population increases so therefore more people were informed of battles.
Sheltering soliders, civillains had to offer shelter to soliders. Direct and indirect taxations led to a rebellion in 1381 ➡️ peasants revolt made tax be revolted against
1500s to 1700s weaponary
Swords were thin and sharp ➡️ swords and pikes continued
1700S introduction of flintlock muskets that gunpowder fired, unreliable especially in wet weather and dangerous. Also expensive. Pistols larger and heavier, more reliable but short range.
Bad cannons ➡️. The industrial movement is moving so more production of cannons meant they were easier to get and fire.
1500s to 1700s training and recruitment
From contracts ➡️ to recruitment of militias who owned weapons for local defence but the contracts continued.
1700s self denying ordinance removed incompetent leaders who were only there because of their status, national army.
1500s to 1700s experience of civilians
1700s Propaganda begins in attempts to inform and appeal, towns still attacked and sieged, causality rates higher, intensity higher
1700s to 1900s weaponary
Brown Bess musket muzzle loaded flintlock loaded with gunpowder, unreliable ➡️ Enfield rifle and bayonet breech loaded. Much more reliable and mass produced.
Artillery cannons stil an issue ➡️ cannons better
1700s to 1900s training and recruitments
Oath of loyalty for new recruit, bounty for enlisters 40 percent of their income. Crimps kidnapped soldiers to fight. Public houses, pubs, theatres etc, purchase system for parents sons ➡️ the royal commission set up by the government to investigate mismanagement of supplies. Cardwells reforms meant abolishing of the purchase system. Reduction of the enlistment period form 21 years to 12 years six years active six years reserve
1900s to 200s weaponary
Enfield rifles and bayonets breech loaded accurate and machine guns heavy and immobile ➡️ machine guns mobile, lightweight, mounted on helicopters and tanks.
Grenades improved in 1915, MILLS bomb. Shells one third failed, loads were fired. ➡️ PGM, precision guided missiles have a set target. Nuclear bombs ICBMS warhead across a continent.
Tanks first used 1916 unreliable but intimidating overheated too ➡️ tanks challenger two is fast and reliable.
Communication aerial surveillance, pigeons phone cables and morse code ➡️ radar, radio and coding
1900s to present day recruitment
BRITISH expaditionary force, conscription your country needs you men have to sign up you can be exempt ➡️ national service men expected to serve 18 months but then voluntary service campaigns for people to sign.
Properganda Lord Kitchener, made men want to fight ➡️ advertisements campaigns
Present day women can serve but wouldn’t be assigned to combat but can be gunners medics pilots
1900s to 2000s experience of civilians
Censorship designed to stop bad news from interrupting morale ➡️ news and social media still censorship
Bombing raids, blackout etc ➡️ not near the fight but terrorism occurs
Battle of naseby 1645
Oliver Cromwell leader of parliamentarians
King leader of royalists
Open fields, both armies on ridges. Push of pike used to push against eachother. Swedish salvo formation where the first row would kneel second could crouch and first would stand. To reload muskets.
Royalists were overconfident and had fewer men, Cromwell controlled his infantry.
Muskets had limited range and accuracy, cavalry wooed with Infantry to win
Battle of Waterloo (1815)
French v allies
Wellington (allied commander) waited For the French to attacks as they had more men. The battlefield was very marshy
Battle of balaclava (1854)
Big cavalry
