War of Roses part 1

Question 1

Henry VI crowned

Answer 1

1422

Question 2

Henry enters his majority

Answer 2

1437

Question 3

Treaty of Tours

Answer 3

1444

Question 4

Gloucester is arrested and dies

Answer 4

1447

Question 5

Suffolk made Lord Chamberlain

Answer 5

1447

Question 6

Beaufort made Duke of Somerset

Answer 6

1448

Question 7

England invades Fougries; braking treaty of tours

Answer 7

1449

Question 8

Suffolk charged with treason

Answer 8

1449

Question 9

Suffolk murdered

Answer 9

1450

Question 10

Cade’s Rebellion

Answer 10

May/June 1450

Question 11

1st Act of Resumption

Answer 11

1450

Question 12

York returns to England

Answer 12

Nov 1450

Question 13

2nd Act of Resumption

Answer 13

1451

Question 14

Dartford Coup

Answer 14

1452

Question 15

Henry’s illness begins

Answer 15

August 1453

Question 16

Birth of Prince Edward

Answer 16

Oct 1453

Question 17

Somerset imprisoned in tower

Answer 17

1453

Question 18

Cardinal Kemp dies

Answer 18

1454

Question 19

York’s protectorate is set up

Answer 19

1454

Question 20

Henry recovers

Answer 20

December 1454

Question 21

York’s protectorate ends

Answer 21

1455

Question 22

Somerset released from tower

Answer 22

1455

Question 23

How much did Cardinal Beaufort lend crown

Answer 23

Over £200,000

Question 24

Who did York ally with

Answer 24

Nevilles headed by Earl of Salisbury

Question 25

Reforms York introduced in protectorate

Answer 25

Reduced royal household expenditure to £5,193 in 1455 from £24,000 in 1450 Increased income of crown. Persuaded wool merchants to resume making loans to government Made himself captain of Calais

Question 26

Who bidded to become Regent/ protectorate in 1454

Answer 26

Margret of Anjou Duke of York Duke of Exeter

Question 27

Reaction of birth of Prince Edward

Answer 27

York was no longer heir presumptive, leaving him isolated

Question 28

Causes of Henry’s illness

Answer 28

News of death of English warrior Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury Strain of large amounts of travelling Pressures of wife’s 1st pregnancy Hereditary condition; grandfather Charles VI of France was insane

Question 29

How long did Henry’s illness last

Answer 29

From August 1453 to January 1455

Question 30

Impact of the death of Cardinal Kemp

Answer 30

He was the chancellor- without a chancellor government couldn’t continue and a regent needed to be appointed in order to appoint a chancellor

Question 31

Reasons why the Dartford Coup failed

Answer 31

Englands position was much better in 1452 than in 1450- campaign in France was going well and economy was recovering. Majority of nobility were unwilling to take up arms to support York. Yorks tactic of sending open letters to towns forwarned the king who had time to assemble an army. London remained loyal to Henry Kent didn’t rise up in support Popular discontent had eased in England due to increased prosperity.

Question 32

Role of JPs

Answer 32

Maintaining local public order. They heard criminal cases todo with land and contracts.

Question 33

Court of Assizes

Answer 33

Held twice a year and dealt with serious crimes

Question 34

Role of Sherrifs

Answer 34

Responsible for bringing defendants to court, assembling juries and carrying out verdicts. Often corrupt.

Question 35

Lord Chamberlain

Answer 35

Most senior person in royal household. Controlled access to the king.

Question 36

Role of parliament

Answer 36

Made up of lords and commons. Met when king wanted to. Power was limited, but king couldn’t make/ amend laws or demand taxes without parliament’s consent.

Question 37

Why was Gloucester arrested

Answer 37

He was appalled by treaty of tours and criticised the peace policy with France, in order to silence him out of fear for what he would say in parliament, Gloucester was arrested and accused of treason