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Grade 7 History > War and Peace > Flashcards

War and Peace Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were rival superpowers in the 1700s?

A

England and France

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2
Q

England and France both had…

A

colonies, navies, armies, wealth, and empires

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3
Q

Define Acadian

A

a francophone citizen of Acadia

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4
Q

Define assimilation

A

a culture is absorbed into a more dominant culture

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5
Q

Define bias

A

a personal like or dislike of something that is not necessarily based on fact

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6
Q

define bilingual

A

fluent in two languages

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7
Q

define deportation

A

people sent out of the country

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8
Q

define fact

A

information that can be accepted as correct and true

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9
Q

define fortress

A

a permanent military stronghold that often includes a town

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10
Q

define francophone

A

a person of french language and culture

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11
Q

define french-Canadian

A

a term used to refer to francophones

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12
Q

define superpower

A

a country that is more powerful than almost all other countries

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13
Q

define neutral

A

not wanting to take sides in a fight

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14
Q

define siege

A

a blockade of a city

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15
Q

define opinion

A

a person’s thoughts or beliefs about something

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16
Q

define treaty

A

a formal agreement between nations

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17
Q

define Le Grand Derangement

A

the great deportation of the Acadians

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18
Q

Who were often at war with one another?

A

France and England

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19
Q

What did France and England go to war for?

A

they both wanted more colonies and the resources they contained, including territories in north america

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20
Q

between what dates were France and England almost always at war?

A

1690-1793

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21
Q

when did the seven years war break out?

A

1756

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22
Q

Who was the seven years war between?

A

French and English

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23
Q

How many french colonists lived along the St Lawrence river?

A

50 000

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24
Q

by what year where most of the population born in New France?

A

1750

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25
Q

what brought new France security?

A

soldiers supplied by France

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26
Q

where were New Frances two mighty fortresses?

A

Quebec and Louisburg

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27
Q

How did the English outnumber the French in New France?

A

with the thirteen colonies

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28
Q

who did the English want to trade with for more farmland?

A

First Nations

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29
Q

what did the English want control over and why?

A

the Atlantic region, because it produces lots of codfish, and control of the St. Lawrence river, which was the gateway to the continent

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30
Q

What are the British strengths?

A
  • most powerful navy
  • military supplies from colonies
  • allies with the Haudenosaunee
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31
Q

What are the French strengths?

A
  • most powerful army
  • fortresses
  • many first nation allies
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32
Q

What were the Briitish weaknesses?

A
  • not used to forest warfare
  • a challenge to capture french fortresses
  • 13 colonies bickered
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33
Q

what were the French weaknesses?

A
  • supplies had to come from France
  • huge territory to defend
  • only had one entrance route (St. Lawrence river)
  • leaders couldn’t agree on how to defend their territory
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34
Q

where and when did the war for North America begin?

A

In Ohio river valley in 1754

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35
Q

who was defeated in the war for North America?

A

British General George Washington was defeated by the French

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36
Q

what did the British prime minister, William Pitt, promise to send in order to fight the French?

A

ships, shoulders, and money

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37
Q

When did Acadia change control several times?

A

in the 17th century

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38
Q

when did the British gain control of most of Acadia?

A

1713

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39
Q

what did the British change Acadia to?

A

Nova Scotia

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40
Q

what language and religion did the Acadians practice under British ruling?

A 
language = French
religion = Catholic
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41
Q

what did the British want to populate Nova Scotia with?

A

people who spoke English

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42
Q

what worried the British regarding the Acadians and why?

A

that they would side with the French because they had always refused to swear loyalty to the British crown

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43
Q

What did the Acadians have to do in order to keep their land?

A

agree to an oath to swear loyalty to the British crown

44
Q

Did the Acadians take the oath offered by the British?

A

they wanted to remain neutral and refused to take the oath, even though they did not want to lose their land

45
Q

in what year did Governor Lawrence order that the inhabitants of Nova Scotia be removed?

A

1755

46
Q

What did the British soldiers do to deport the Acadians?

A

they rounded up the people at gunpoint, put them on ships then burned their homes, churches and farms

47
Q

where did the Acadians end up after being deported from Nova Scotia?

A

New England colonies, Caribbean, France, England, New Orleans, Louisiana. Others went into hiding or died in the process from disease, starvation or drowning.

48
Q

in all, how many Acadians were deported?

A

10,000

49
Q

What did England realize that they needed to do in order to gain control of New France?

A

they would have to capture the fortresses of Lousiberg and Quebec

50
Q

when was Louisburg sieged?

A

1758

51
Q

for how many weeks did the British cut off Louisburg from supplies and reinforcements?

A

7

52
Q

what caused the french to surrender in the capture of Louisburg?

A

The loss of access to their resources, caused by the British

53
Q

in what year did James Wolfe sail up the St. Lawrence river?

A

1759

54
Q

who led the British troops in the Plains of Abraham?

A

James Wolfe

55
Q

how many ships, soldiers and sailors did James Wolfe bring with him when sailing up the St Lawrence?

A 
ships = 200
soilders = 9,000
sailors = 18,000
56
Q

for how many months did James Wolfe fight against Montcalm?

A

3

57
Q

what did Montcalm have to protect his territory?

A

6,000 troops and a stone fortress that could not be taken easily

58
Q

on what day did Wolfe decide to attack the French on the Plains of Abraham?

A

September 12, 1759

59
Q

how did the British surprise the French when dawn broke at the Plains of Abraham?

A

they assembled during the night just outside of the city gates

60
Q

what is the Plains of Abraham known as?

A

the bloodiest battle ever fought on Canadian soil

61
Q

how many troops did Montcalm lead out to meet the British on the Plains of Abraham?

A

4,000

62
Q

what happened to Wolfe and Montcalm during the battle on the Plains of Abraham?

A

they were both killed

63
Q

how long did it take for the French to retreat?

A

around 15 minutes

64
Q

what date did the French surrender New France to the British and where?

A

September 8, 1760, at Montreal

65
Q

who was deeply involved in the wars between the French and English?

A

the First Nations

66
Q

when did France and England make peace by signing a treaty?

A

in 1763

67
Q

What did the peace treaty give England?

A

possession of North America

68
Q

what did First Nations start losing after the peace process, and what did this cause them to consider?

A

they started to lose their land and began considering going to war against the British

69
Q

who was the leader of the Odawa people and what did he convince other First Nations to do?

A

Pontiac, who convinced First Nations to join together

70
Q

When did Pontiac attack the British fort at Detroit?

A

May of 1763

71
Q

Who won Pontiacs attack on the British fort at Detroit?

A

the British

72
Q

what happened after the wars?

A

The Canadiens, English and First Nations peoples would have to figure out a way to live in peace

73
Q

When did France and Britain sign the Treaty of Paris?

A

in 1763

74
Q

what did the Treaty of Paris officially do?

A

end the conflict between France and England

75
Q

what did the Treaty of Paris force the French to give up?

A

Quebec

76
Q

In exchange for Quebec, what did the British give the French?

A

Guadeloupe in the Caribbean

77
Q

What are the only parts of New France that still remained under French control after the signing of the Treaty of Paris?

A

the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon off the coast of Newfoundland

78
Q

When did King George the third sign a proclamation?

A

1763

79
Q

what did New France become?

A

the province of Quebec

80
Q

what did the province of Quebec become?

A

much smaller

81
Q

what was Quebec’s interior set aside for?

A

First Nations

82
Q

what were French laws replaced with

A

British laws

83
Q

what was the military government replaced with

A

a civil government

84
Q

what did the British government consist of?

A

governer and council of advisors

85
Q

what could not the catholic church do

A

could not tithe or be in government

86
Q

what did the British realize?

A

they had to pay attention to the demands of the First Nations

87
Q

what did the Royal Proclamation set aside for the First Nations?

A

a huge area of land that Europeans could not colonize

88
Q

why did the British attempt to turn Quebec into a British colony fail?

A

because the French had a strong sense of identity

89
Q

what did the Quebec act introduce?

A

Bilingualism (allowed for the two official languages of French and English)

90
Q

Did Quebec become smaller or larger with the Quebec Act?

A

It became larger and expanded to the size it was as a colony.

91
Q

In the Quebec act what was made a part of Quebec?

A

Aboriginal lands

92
Q

The rights of which language was recognized in the Quebec act.

A

French

93
Q

Did the seigneurial system stay in place with the Quebec act?

A

Yes

94
Q

Who gained freedom of religion and the ability to hold government jobs in the Quebec act?

A

The Catholic

95
Q

What was the French civil law used to do?

A

It was used to settle disputes

96
Q

With the Quebec act was the Roman Catholic Church allowed to tithe?

A

Yes

97
Q

Define tithe.

A

A one-tenth of something, often earnings paid as a contribution to a religious organization such as a church.

98
Q

Who were the Acadians?

A

Descendants of French colonists who had first farmed the shores of the Bay of Fundy in the 1600s

99
Q

Who controlled Acadia at the time of the Great Deportation? What country, what general?

A

The British controlled Acadia, the country was British\England and the general was Charles Lawrence.

100
Q

Why did the Acadians not want to fight in any wars?

A

Because they wanted to remain neutral and not pick any particular side.

101
Q

What were the Acadians asked to sign and why?

A

They were asked to sign an oath to swear their loyalty to the British crown because the British wanted to ensure that the Acadians would not side with the French.

102
Q

Why was Louisbourg important to the British?

A

It guarded the St.Lawrence river which led to the Quebec colony and it was also the main entranceway to the continent.

103
Q

Who were General Wolfe and Marquis de Montcalm?

A

General Wolfe was a British Major-General named James Wolfe and he led troops and captured lots of French territories. General Marquis de Montcalm was a french commander who led French troops to fight the British.

104
Q

What happened at the siege of Louisbourg?

A

The citizen’s resources were cut off and the English were successful in capturing it.

105
Q

What impact did the Quebec act have on languages in Canada?

A

It kept bilingualism alive

106
Q

What did King George hope to have the Canadiens do?

A

He did not want to evict them but he wanted to assimilate them.

107
Q

What led to the battle of the Plains of Abraham.

A

The French and the British fought for 9 weeks and the French were not giving up their fortress. Winter was setting so the British had to go. For Wolfe, this was time for the last gamble.

Grade 7 History (1 decks)

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